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arXiv:1710.01807 · Physical Review Letters

Purification of Single Photons from Room-Temperature Quantum Dots

Shih‐Wen Feng, Chun‐Yuan Cheng, Chen-Yeh Wei, Jen-Hung Yang, Yen‐Ru Chen, Ya-Wen Chuang, Yang‐Hsiung Fan, Chih‐Sung Chuu

Published Oct 4, 2017• 31 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Single photon emitters are indispensable to photonic quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate waveform-controlled high-purity single photons from room-temperature colloidal quantum dots. The purity of the single photons does not vary with the excitation power, thereby allowing the generation rate to be increased without compromising the single-photon quality.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.119.143601

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Single photon emitters are indispensable to photonic quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate waveform-controlled high-purity single photons from room-temperature colloidal quantum dots. The purity of the single photons does not vary with the excitation power, thereby allowing the generation rate to be increased without compromising the single-photon quality.
Efficient, high rate photon sources with high single-photon purity are essential ingredients for quantum technologies. Single-photon sources based on solid state emitters such as quantum dots are very advantageous for integrated photonic circuits, but they can suffer from a high two-photon emission probability, which in cases of noncryogenic environment cannot be spectrally filtered. Here we propose two temporal purification-by-heralding methods for using a two-photon emission process to yield highly pure and efficient single-photon emission, bypassing the inherent problem of spectrally overlapping biphoton emission at elevated temperatures. We experimentally emulate their feasibility on the emission from a single nanocrystal quantum dot at room temperature, exhibiting single-photon purities exceeding 99.5%, without a significant loss of single-photon efficiency. By utilizing these methods with commercially available components, nanocrystal quantum dots can be made realistic high-quality room-temperature sources for single photons. These approaches can also be applied for any indeterministic source of spectrally broadband photon pairs.
Quantum light and in particular single photons have become essential resources for a growing number of quantum applications including quantum computing, quantum key distribution and quantum metrology. Solid-state atomlike systems such as semiconductor quantum dots and color defects in crystals have become the hallmark of highly pure single photon emitters in the past two decades. A particular interest has been developed in nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) and color centers in diamond as potential compact room-temperature emitters. There are however several challenges that inhibit the use of such sources in current technologies including low photon extraction efficiency, low emission rates and relatively low single photon purities. In this work we will review our efforts in overcoming these technical difficulties using several complementary methods including designing several nanoantenna devices that enhance the directionality and emission rate of the nanoemitter. In addition, we developed several temporal heralding techniques to overcome the hurdle of low single photon purity in NQDs in an effort to produce a highly pure, bright and efficient single photon source on-chip.
Abstract The realization of high-quality quantum emitters that can operate at room temperature is important for accelerating the application of quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, quantum information processing, and quantum metrology. In this work, we study the photon-antibunching properties on room-temperature emission from individual colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) using superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors and temporal filtering of the photoluminescence decay curve. We find that high single-photon purities and high photon-generation rates can be simultaneously achieved by removing the signals originating from the sequential two-photon emission of biexcitons created by multiple excitation pulses. We successfully demonstrate that the ultrahigh performance of the room-temperature single-photon sources showing g(2)(0) ≪ 10−2 can be confirmed by the ultralow-dark-count detection of the temporally purified single photons. These findings provide strong evidence for the attractiveness of CQDs as candidates for high-quality room-temperature quantum light sources.
Photonic quantum technologies require the integration of high-quality quantum light sources with programmable photonic circuitry to enable on-chip quantum information processing. Semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as a leading platform for quantum light generation, yet their monolithic integration with cryogenic-compatible, programmable photonic circuitry remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a programmable quantum photonic platform that enables simultaneous control of highly coherent quantum dot-based single photon emitters and reconfigurable optical elements at cryogenic temperatures. System-level integration enables individual electrical and optical addressing of active components on a single chip, allowing their concurrent operation while preserving coherent non-classical light emission. We demonstrate multiple quantum-photonic functionalities, including pure single-photon generation, two-photon interference, and resonant transmission and reflection measurements of integrated emitters. These results mark a step from isolated quantum-optical devices towards programmable quantum-photonic hardware platforms capable of combining coherent quantum emitters with large-scale photonic functionality.
Single-photon emitters with high degrees of purity are required for photonic-based quantum technologies. InGaN/GaN quantum dots are promising candidates for the development of single-photon emitters but have typically exhibited emission with insufficient purity. Here, pulsed single-photon emission with high purity is measured from an InGaN quantum dot. A raw g(2)(0) value of 0.043 ± 0.009 with no corrections whatsoever is achieved under quasi-resonant pulsed excitation. Such a low value is, in principle, sufficient for use in quantum key distribution systems.
Abstract Single photons and entangled photons lie at the heart of photonic quantum technologies, whose optimal performances are normally reached when the purity of the single or entangled photons is high. However, the multiphoton emission, dissipation, and decoherence in practical realizations always lead to the degradation of the single‐ and entangled‐ photon quality. The purification of single or entangled photons is thus valuable to restore the quantum states and enhance the performance of quantum technologies. The applications of wavepacket shaping, an emerging quantum optics tool to manipulate the single‐ and entangled‐ photon wavefunctions, to purify single and entangled photons are reviewed. In particular, by modulating the single photons emitted from optically excited room‐temperature quantum dots, it is shown that the fast‐decaying multiphoton emission can be eliminated to obtain a low value of g (2) (0) that is independent of the excitation power. It is also shown that the two‐photon interference and polarization entanglement of the non‐degenerate biphotons from spontaneous parametric down‐conversion can be restored after modulating the biphotons with a periodic function. The works have potential applications in long‐distance quantum communication and linear optical quantum computation.