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arXiv:1707.09146 · Physical Review A

Three-dimensional cavity-assisted spontaneous emission as a single-photon source: Two cavity modes and Rabi resonance

M. Khanbekyan

Published Feb 5, 2018• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Within the framework of exact quantum electrodynamics in dispersing and absorbing media, we have studied the emission from an initially in the upper state prepared emitter in a high-quality cavity in the case when there are two cavity modes that resonantly interact with the emitter. In the case when one of the modes is in resonance with the emitter transition and the other mode is tuned to the frequency equal to the Rabi splitting of the first mode, the effect of Rabi resonance is observed. In particular, the second mode exhibits a substantial increase of the one-photon Fock state efficiency and enhancement of the emission spectrum in comparison to the exact resonant case.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.023809

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Within the framework of exact quantum electrodynamics in dispersing and absorbing media, we have studied the emission from an initially in the upper state prepared emitter in a high-quality cavity in the case when there are two cavity modes that resonantly interact with the emitter. In the case when one of the modes is in resonance with the emitter transition and the other mode is tuned to the frequency equal to the Rabi splitting of the first mode, the effect of Rabi resonance is observed. In particular, the second mode exhibits a substantial increase of the one-photon Fock state efficiency and enhancement of the emission spectrum in comparison to the exact resonant case.
Within the framework of exact quantum electrodynamics in dispersing and absorbing media, we have studied the quantum state of the radiation emitted from an initially in the upper state, prepared two-level atom in a high-Q\mathit{Q}Q cavity, including the regime where the emitted photon belongs to a wave packet that simultaneously covers the areas inside and outside the cavity. For both continuing atom-field interaction and short-term atom-field interaction, we have determined the spatiotemporal shape of the excited outgoing wave packet and calculated the efficiency of the wave packet to carry a one-photon Fock state. Furthermore, we have made contact with quantum noise theories where the intracavity field and the field outside the cavity are regarded as approximately representing independent degrees of freedom such that two separate Hilbert spaces can be introduced.
Demands for single-photon sources are ubiquitous in quantum information processing as well as in quantum metrology. In many protocols for producing single photons, a cavity-emitter configuration is used. In such cavity quantum electrodynamical systems, the cavity can enforce a well-defined output mode for the photon and enhance its collection efficiency, while the emitter is indispensable for single photon emission. Here we show the two cavity-one two-level emitter configuration can be used to produce exclusively photon pairs, with each photon in a separate mode. Conditioning on detecting a photon in one of the modes, one heralds with high fidelity a single photon in the other mode. Counterintuitively, upon decreasing the coupling of the emitter to one of the modes, the heralding fidelity can further increase.
The dynamics of a vibronic system in a lossy two-mode cavity is studied, with the first mode being resonant to the electronic transition and the second one being nearly resonant due to Raman transitions. We derive analytical solutions for the dynamics of this system. For a properly chosen detuning of the second mode from the exact Raman resonance, we obtain conditions that are closely related to the phenomenon of Rabi resonance as it is well known in laser physics. Such resonances can be observed in the spontaneous emission spectra, where the spectrum of the second mode in the case of weak Raman coupling is enhanced substantially.
The radiation emitted by a classically pumped three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type emitter in a resonator cavity featuring both radiative and unwanted losses is studied. In particular, the efficiency of one-photon Fock state excitation of the outgoing wave packet and the spatiotemporal shape of the wave packet are investigated. It is shown that, for a given shape of the emitter-cavity interaction, adjusting the shape of the pump pulse renders it possible to generate the emission of one-photon Fock state wave packets of desired shape with high efficiency.
Abstract Spontaneous two-photon emission is a process in which the transition between two quantum states happens via simultaneous emissions of two identical photons. Such second-order quantum radiation is of paramount importance in astrophysics, atomic physics, and quantum technology. In particular, on-demand spontaneous two-photon emission from single quantum emitters has long been envisioned to revolutionize photonic quantum science and technology. To date, experimental realizations of two-photon emission at the single quanta level are still highly challenging yet elusive due to their low probabilities. In this work, we explore spontaneous two-photon emission from a single semiconductor quantum dot deterministically coupled to a high-quality microcavity in which the cavity resonances greatly enhance both excitation and emission processes. When the cavity is resonant to the half energy of the biexciton, the strong vacuum field in the cavity mode drives the biexciton to the ground state and simultaneously emits two photons into the cavity mode, resulting in two-photon emissions with a record brightness comparable to the competing single-photon process and sub-nanowatt power consumption. For the first time, the quantum nature associated with spontaneous two-photon emissions in the cavity quantum electrodynamics regime has been investigated via photon statistics measurements. Furthermore, spontaneous two-photon emission is exploited to build unconventional entangled quantum light sources with the unique advantage of combining the best of two worlds: near-unity entanglement fidelity for spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and on-demand photon emissions for atomic quantum emitters. Our work provides unprecedented insights into the two-photon process in the quantum regime and opens an unexplored avenue for pursuing optically reconfigurable quantum light sources with nonlinear quantum radiations.
Abstract Inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission rate, first proposed by Purcell, is discussed in terms of altered density-of-modes in various types of solid-state cavities and the Purcell factor is derived for two-level atomic system. The conditions for observing Purcell factor and experimental findings in micropillars embedded with Quantum Dots (QD)s are discussed. The strong interaction between photons and matter in the form of QD excitons, dispersion relations for ground and excited states separated by Rabi splitting are discussed. Experimental photoluminescence spectra showing anticrossing of exciton lines and cavity lines by temperature and other tuning methods are used to illustrate the strong light-matter interaction. The Jayness–Cummins model based on second quantization is presented to point out Rabi oscillation, Purcell effect, and other novel features. Microcavity structures for observing cavity quantum electrodynamics effects are mentioned. Microcavity lasers predicting thresholdless operation for unity spontaneous emission coupling factors are discussed.