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arXiv:1705.06841 · New Journal of Physics

Spin dependent inelastic collisions between metastable state two-electron atoms and ground state alkali-atoms

F. Schäfer, Hideki Konishi, Adrien Bouscal, Tomoya Yagami, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Sep 15, 2017• 5 citations
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Abstract

Experimentally the spin dependence of inelastic collisions between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable state and lithium (Li) in the ground state manifold is investigated at low magnetic fields. Using selective excitation all magnetic sublevels m J of Yb( ) are accessed and four of the six lowest lying magnetic sublevels of are prepared by optical pumping. On the one hand, m J -independence of collisions involving Li( ) atoms is found. A systematic m J -dependence in collisions with Li( ) atoms, in particular suppressed losses for stretched collisional states, is observed on the other hand. Further, m J -changing processes are found to be of minor relevance. The span of observed inelastic collision rates is between and , and a possible origin of the observed behavior is discussed.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/aa8cec

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New Journal of Physics•Oct 16, 2015•4 citations
Experimentally the spin dependence of inelastic collisions between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable state and lithium (Li) in the ground state manifold is investigated at low magnetic fields. Using selective excitation all magnetic sublevels m J of Yb( ) are accessed and four of the six lowest lying magnetic sublevels of are prepared by optical pumping. On the one hand, m J -independence of collisions involving Li( ) atoms is found. A systematic m J -dependence in collisions with Li( ) atoms, in particular suppressed losses for stretched collisional states, is observed on the other hand. Further, m J -changing processes are found to be of minor relevance. The span of observed inelastic collision rates is between and , and a possible origin of the observed behavior is discussed.
We establish an experimental method for a detailed investigation of inelastic collisional properties between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable state and ground state lithium (Li). By combining an optical lattice and a direct excitation to the state we achieve high selectivity on the collisional partners. Using this method we determine inelastic loss coefficients in collisions between 174 Yb( ) with magnetic sublevels of m J = 0 and −2 and ground state 6 Li to be and , respectively. Absence of spin changing processes in Yb( )–Li inelastic collisions at low magnetic fields is confirmed by inelastic loss measurements on the m J = 0 state. We also demonstrate that our method allows us to look into loss processes in few-body systems separately.
We report our experimental results on the collisional physics between non-S-state atoms (ytterbium (Yb), effectively a two-electron system, in the metastable 3 P 2 state) and S-state atoms (lithium (Li), an alkali metal, in the ground state). At low magnetic fields, by measuring inelastic interspecies collisional losses in the double quantum degenerate mixture we reveal the strong dependence of the inelastic losses on the internal spin states of both species and suppressed losses in stretched state configurations. Increasing the magnetic field up to 800 G we further investigate the magnetic field dependence of the collisional interactions. There, smoothly increasing inelastic losses are observed towards higher fields. The combined knowledge of both the magnetic field and the spin state dependence of the collisional losses of this prototypical mixture system of non-S-state and S-state atoms provides a significant step forward towards controllable impurity physics realized in the Yb-Li ultracold system.
Spin-polarized metastable atoms of ultracold ytterbium are trapped at high density and their inelastic collisional properties are measured. We reveal that in collisions of Yb(3P2{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}3P2​) with Yb(1S0{}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{0}1S0​) there is relatively weak inelastic loss, but with a significant spin dependence consistent with Zeeman sublevel changes as being the dominant decay process. This is in strong contrast to our observations of Yb(3P2{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}3P2​)--Yb(3P2{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}3P2​) collisional losses, which are, at low field, much more rapid and have essentially no spin dependence. Our results give a guideline to using the 3P2{}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{2}3P2​ states in many possible applications.
We present experimental results on the inelastic and elastic interspecies interactions between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable 3P2{}^{3}P{}_{2}3P2​ state loaded into a deep optical lattice and spin polarized lithium (Li) in its ground state. Focusing on the mJ=0{m}_{J}=0mJ​=0 magnetic sublevel of Yb(3P2\mathrm{Yb}({}^{3}P{}_{2}Yb(3P2​), bias magnetic fields between 20 and 800G800\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}800G are investigated and significantly enhanced inelastic collision rates with high magnetic fields are found. In addition, by direct spectroscopy of the Yb Mott insulator immersed in the Li Fermi gas an upper boundary of the background scattering length of the $\mathrm{Yb}({}^{3}P{}_{2},{m}_{J}=0)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Li}{(}^{2}{S}_{1/2},F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2$) system is estimated, revealing the absence of useful Feshbach resonances. These observations are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical calculations.
We observe magnetic Feshbach resonances in a collision between the ground and metastable states of two-electron atoms of ytterbium (Yb). We measure the on-site interaction of doubly occupied sites of an atomic Mott-insulator state in a three-dimensional optical lattice as a collisional frequency shift in a high-resolution laser spectroscopy. The observed spectra are well fitted by a simple theoretical formula, in which two particles with an s-wave contact interaction are confined in a harmonic trap. This analysis reveals a wide variation of the interaction with a resonance behavior around a magnetic field of about 1.1 G for the energetically lowest magnetic sublevel of 170Yb, as well as around 360 mG for the energetically highest magnetic sublevel of 174Yb. The observed Feshbach resonance can only be induced by an anisotropic interatomic interaction. This scheme will open the door to a variety of studies using two-electron atoms with tunable interaction.
Anisotropy induced Feshbach resonances in mixture of 6Li(2S)  +  171Yb(3P2){}^{6}{\rm{Li}}{(}^{2}{\rm{S}})\;+\;{}^{171}{\rm{Yb}}{(}^{3}{{\rm{P}}}_{2})6Li(2S)+171Yb(3P2​)
We theoretically explore the scattering properties in collisions between in the ground state and fermionic in the metastable state. Unlike the role of the electronic spin degree of freedom in collisions of two alkali-metal atoms, the orbital degrees of freedom from the p electron of the metastable atoms, which induce not only mixings between different partial waves but also couplings between channels in different fine-structure manifolds, introduce the anisotropic interactions for producing broad-enough Feshbach resonances. Our closed-coupling calculation shows that this mechanism is similar to that in highly magnetic atoms, but the resonances also suffer from a large inelastic rate at the magnitude of to lower-lying fine-structure states or Zeeman sublevels, which will be an obstacle for associating ultracold polar molecules with both electron spin and electric dipole momentum. However, such a rich mixture of inelastic processes, and the experimental advantage of immunity from intraspecies inelastic collisions for metastable fermionic allow for precise investigations on the interspecies scattering properties for systems with excited-state atoms included.