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New Journal of Physics

Anisotropy induced Feshbach resonances in mixture of ${}^{6}{\rm{Li}}{(}^{2}{\rm{S}})\;+\;{}^{171}{\rm{Yb}}{(}^{3}{{\rm{P}}}_{2})$

Tao Chen, Cui Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Jun Qian, Yuzhu Wang

Published Oct 16, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically explore the scattering properties in collisions between in the ground state and fermionic in the metastable state. Unlike the role of the electronic spin degree of freedom in collisions of two alkali-metal atoms, the orbital degrees of freedom from the p electron of the metastable atoms, which induce not only mixings between different partial waves but also couplings between channels in different fine-structure manifolds, introduce the anisotropic interactions for producing broad-enough Feshbach resonances. Our closed-coupling calculation shows that this mechanism is similar to that in highly magnetic atoms, but the resonances also suffer from a large inelastic rate at the magnitude of to lower-lying fine-structure states or Zeeman sublevels, which will be an obstacle for associating ultracold polar molecules with both electron spin and electric dipole momentum. However, such a rich mixture of inelastic processes, and the experimental advantage of immunity from intraspecies inelastic collisions for metastable fermionic allow for precise investigations on the interspecies scattering properties for systems with excited-state atoms included.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/17/10/103036

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We theoretically explore the scattering properties in collisions between in the ground state and fermionic in the metastable state. Unlike the role of the electronic spin degree of freedom in collisions of two alkali-metal atoms, the orbital degrees of freedom from the p electron of the metastable atoms, which induce not only mixings between different partial waves but also couplings between channels in different fine-structure manifolds, introduce the anisotropic interactions for producing broad-enough Feshbach resonances. Our closed-coupling calculation shows that this mechanism is similar to that in highly magnetic atoms, but the resonances also suffer from a large inelastic rate at the magnitude of to lower-lying fine-structure states or Zeeman sublevels, which will be an obstacle for associating ultracold polar molecules with both electron spin and electric dipole momentum. However, such a rich mixture of inelastic processes, and the experimental advantage of immunity from intraspecies inelastic collisions for metastable fermionic allow for precise investigations on the interspecies scattering properties for systems with excited-state atoms included.
We theoretically evaluate the feasibility to form magnetically-tunable Feshbach molecules in collisions between fermionic 6 Li atoms and bosonic metastable 174 Yb( 3 P 2 ) atoms. In contrast to the well-studied alkali-metal atom collisions, collisions with meta-stable atoms are highly anisotropic. Our first-principle coupled-channel calculation of these collisions reveals the existence of broad Feshbach resonances due to the combined effect of anisotropic-molecular and atomic–hyperfine interactions. In order to fit our predictions to the specific positions of experimentally-observed broad resonance structures (Dowd et al 2014) we optimized the shape of the short-range potentials by direct least-square fitting. This allowed us to identify the dominant resonance by its leading angular momentum quantum numbers and describe the role of collisional anisotropy in the creation and broadening of this and other resonances.
We have investigated magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of Rb with Yb in its metastable 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ states, using coupled-channel scattering and bound-state calculations. For the 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ state, we find sharp resonances when both atoms are in their lowest Zeeman sublevels. However, these resonances are decayed by inelastic processes that produce Yb atoms in 3P1{}^{3}{P}_{1}3P1​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ states. The molecules that might be produced by magnetoassociation at the 3P2{}^{3}{P}_{2}3P2​ thresholds can decay by similar pathways and would have lifetimes no more than a few microseconds. For the 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ state, by contrast, there are resonances that are promising for magnetoassociation. There are resonances due to both rotating and nonrotating molecular states that are significantly stronger than the analogous resonances for Yb(1S\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{1}SYb(1S). The ones due to rotating states are denser in magnetic field; in contrast to Yb(1S\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{1}SYb(1S), they exist even for bosonic isotopes of Yb(3P0\mathrm{Yb}{(}^{3}{P}_{0}Yb(3P0​).
We present experimental results on the inelastic and elastic interspecies interactions between ytterbium (Yb) in the metastable 3P2{}^{3}P{}_{2}3P2​ state loaded into a deep optical lattice and spin polarized lithium (Li) in its ground state. Focusing on the mJ=0{m}_{J}=0mJ​=0 magnetic sublevel of Yb(3P2\mathrm{Yb}({}^{3}P{}_{2}Yb(3P2​), bias magnetic fields between 20 and 800G800\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}800G are investigated and significantly enhanced inelastic collision rates with high magnetic fields are found. In addition, by direct spectroscopy of the Yb Mott insulator immersed in the Li Fermi gas an upper boundary of the background scattering length of the $\mathrm{Yb}({}^{3}P{}_{2},{m}_{J}=0)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Li}{(}^{2}{S}_{1/2},F=1/2,{m}_{F}=+1/2$) system is estimated, revealing the absence of useful Feshbach resonances. These observations are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical calculations.
We investigate ultracold collisions in a novel mixture of ^{6}Li and ^{53}Cr fermionic atoms, discovering more than 50 interspecies Feshbach resonances via loss spectroscopy. Building a full coupled-channel model, we unambiguously characterize the ^{6}Li-^{53}Cr scattering properties and yield predictions for other isotopic pairs. In particular, we identify various Feshbach resonances that enable the controlled tuning of elastic s- and p-wave ^{6}Li-^{53}Cr interactions. Our studies thus make lithium-chromium mixtures emerge as optimally suited platforms for the experimental search of elusive few- and many-body regimes of highly correlated fermionic matter, and for the realization of a new class of ultracold polar molecules possessing both electric and magnetic dipole moments.
We report on the realization of an ultracold mixture of lithium atoms in the ground state and ytterbium atoms in an excited metastable (3P2) state. Such a mixture can support broad magnetic Feshbach resonances which may be utilized for the production of ultracold molecules with an electronic spin degree of freedom, as well as novel Efimov trimers. We investigate the interaction properties of the mixture in the presence of an external magnetic field and find an upper limit for the background interspecies two-body inelastic decay coefficient of K2'<3×10(-12) cm3/s for the 3P2 mJ=-1 substate. We calculate the dynamic polarizabilities of the Yb(3P2) magnetic substates for a range of wavelengths, and find good agreement with our measurements at 1064 nm. Our calculations also allow the identification of magic frequencies where Yb ground and metastable states are identically trapped and the determination of the interspecies van der Waals coefficients.
We report on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances in a Fermi-Fermi mixture of ultracold atoms with extreme mass imbalance and on their unique p-wave dominated three-body recombination processes.Our system consists of open-shell alkali-metal 6 Li and closed-shell 173 Yb atoms, both spin polarized and held at various temperatures between 1 and 20 μK.We confirm that Feshbach resonances in this system are solely the result of a weak separation-dependent hyperfine coupling between the electronic spin of 6 Li and the nuclear spin of 173 Yb.Our analysis also shows that three-body recombination rates are controlled by the identical fermion nature of the mixture, even in the presence of s-wave collisions between the two species and with recombination rate coefficients outside the Wigner threshold regime at our lowest temperature.Specifically, a comparison of experimental and theoretical line shapes of the recombination process indicates that the characteristic asymmetric line shape as a function of applied magnetic field and a maximum recombination rate coefficient that is independent of temperature can only be explained by triatomic collisions with nonzero, p-wave total orbital angular momentum.The resonances can be used to form ultracold doublet ground-state molecules and to simulate quantum superfluidity in mass-imbalanced mixtures.