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arXiv:1612.04479 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum Entanglement Swapping between Two Multipartite Entangled States

Xiaolong Su, Caixing Tian, Xiaowei Deng, Qiang Li, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng

Published Dec 6, 2016• 109 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent multipartite entangled states, each of which involves a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of an optical field. The entanglement swapping is implemented deterministically by means of a joint measurement on two optical modes coming from the two multipartite entangled states respectively and the classical feedforward of the measurement results. After entanglement swapping the two independent multipartite entangled states are merged into a large entangled state in which all unmeasured quantum modes are entangled. The entanglement swapping between a tripartite GHZ state and an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state is also demonstrated and the dependence of the resultant entanglement on transmission loss is investigated. The presented experiment provides a feasible technical reference for constructing more complicated quantum networks.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.117.240503

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Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent multipartite entangled states, each of which involves a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of an optical field. The entanglement swapping is implemented deterministically by means of a joint measurement on two optical modes coming from the two multipartite entangled states respectively and the classical feedforward of the measurement results. After entanglement swapping the two independent multipartite entangled states are merged into a large entangled state in which all unmeasured quantum modes are entangled. The entanglement swapping between a tripartite GHZ state and an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state is also demonstrated and the dependence of the resultant entanglement on transmission loss is investigated. The presented experiment provides a feasible technical reference for constructing more complicated quantum networks.
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This Letter reports the first experimental demonstration of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement swapping. We start with three pairs of entangled photons. Upon projection of three single photons, each from an entangled pair, into a GHZ state, the other three originally independent photons are entangled in a GHZ state-creation of multiparticle entanglement without any direct interaction. This scheme may facilitate networks for quantum telephone exchange, multiparty quantum communication and distributed quantum computation.
We introduce a class of multi-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, and study entanglement swapping between two qubit systems for Bell states and for the class of GHZ states, respectively. We generalize the bi-system entanglement swapping of Bell states and multi-particle GHZ states to any number of qubit systems. We further study the entanglement swapping schemes between any number of Bell states and between any number of the introduced GHZ states in a detailed way, and propose the schemes that can generate two identical GHZ states. We illustrate the applications of such schemes in quantum information processing by proposing quantum protocols for quantum key distribution, quantum secret sharing and quantum private comparison.
Entanglement among multiple parties is vital for practical quantum information applications. Astwo kinds of typical multipartite entangled state, the W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)states have attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose two practical linear optical schemes for multipartite entanglement distribution in noisy channels. Using the time-bin or spatial-mode degree of freedom (DoF) encoding, the influence of the noise will be eliminated and perfect W or GHZ state can be achieved among different nodes in a deterministic way. Moreover, we construct quantum circuits, which can be implemented with current technology. These results contribute to long-distance quantum communication both in theoretical and experimental points of view.
We present a scheme to prepare two-atom Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states and three-atom entangled states via cavity quantum electrodynamics, and it can be realized experimentally. Importantly, we find that in the set of tripartite entangled states prepared by our scheme there is a peculiar tripartite entangled state except the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state. The peculiar tripartite entangled states have double feature of the GHZ state (i.e. τ 123 >0) and W state (i.e. the remaining reduce density matrices ρ ij retain entanglement according to the positive partial transformation (PPT) criterion) simultaneously. However, its entanglement properties are not completely identical either to the GHZ state or to the W state. It is interesting that for peculiar entanglement properties, the remaining reduced density matrices ρ ij can retain entanglement or disentanglement independently, which can be chosen freely according to our need.