Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Results in Physics

Practical multipartite entanglement distribution in noisy channels

Mei-Yu Wang, Hao Guo, Fengli Yan, Ting Gao

Published Jul 20, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement among multiple parties is vital for practical quantum information applications. Astwo kinds of typical multipartite entangled state, the W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)states have attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose two practical linear optical schemes for multipartite entanglement distribution in noisy channels. Using the time-bin or spatial-mode degree of freedom (DoF) encoding, the influence of the noise will be eliminated and perfect W or GHZ state can be achieved among different nodes in a deterministic way. Moreover, we construct quantum circuits, which can be implemented with current technology. These results contribute to long-distance quantum communication both in theoretical and experimental points of view.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105830

Related papers

Efficient Multipartite Polarization Entanglement Distribution Over Arbitrary Noise Channel

Xiao Chen, Yan Li, Zhi Zeng +1 more

We present an efficient faithful multipartite polarization entanglement distribution protocol over an arbitrary noisy channel. The spatial degree of freedom is used to carry the entanglement during the transmission. We describe the principle by distributing n-qubit Greenberge—Horne—Zeilinger state and n-qubit W state. Our scheme can be used to distribute arbitrary n-qubit entangled states to n distant locations. The remote parties can obtain maximally entangled states deterministically on the polarization of photons. Only passive linear optics are employed in our setup, which makes our scheme more feasible and efficient for practical application in long distance quantum communication.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Oct 1, 2013•3 citations

Efficient Multipartite Polarization Entanglement Distribution Over Arbitrary Noise Channel

陈晓, 李艳, 曾志 +1 more

We present an efcient faithful multipartite polarization entanglement distribution protocol over an arbitrary noisy channel.The spatial degree of freedom is used to carry the entanglement during the transmission.We describe the principle by distributing n-qubit Greenberge–Horne–Zeilinger state and n-qubit W state.Our scheme can be used to distribute arbitrary n-qubit entangled states to n distant locations.The remote parties can obtain maximally entangled states deterministically on the polarization of photons.Only passive linear optics are employed in our setup,which makes our scheme more feasible and efcient for practical application in long distance quantum communication.

理论物理通讯：英文版•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Remotely Establishing Polarization Entanglement Over Noisy Polarization Channels

Sebastian Ecker, Philipp Sohr, Lukas Bulla +2 more

The faithful distribution of entanglement over noisy channels is a vital prerequisite for many quantum technological applications. Quantum information can be encoded in different degrees of freedom (DOF) of photons, where each encoding comes with its own advantages and disadvantages with respect to noise resilience and practicality in manipulation. In this work, we experimentally implement a deterministic entanglement purification protocol that allows us to faithfully distribute entanglement in one DOF over a noisy channel and then remotely transfer it to another DOF for manipulation. In particular, we distribute robust energy-time entanglement and transfer it to polarization entanglement at the communicating parties. The remotely obtained polarization state is independent of the polarization noise during distribution and reaches fidelities to a Bell state of up to $97.6\mathrm{%}$. Our scheme enables robust and efficient polarization entanglement distribution in the presence of arbitrary polarization noise, which is relevant for future large-scale quantum networks.

arXiv:2110.04159•Physical Review Applied•Mar 3, 2022•19 citations

Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution using W states

Makoto Ishihara, Wojciech Roga, Masahiro Takeoka

Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD), also known as device-independent conference key agreement, enables more than two remote parties to share a common key with information-theoretic security even without trusting the devices. So far, several multipartite DI-QKD protocols have been proposed where Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are used as multipartite entanglement. A natural question is then whether one can construct multipartite DI-QKD with the other type of multipartite entanglement. W state is of particular interest since it is intrinsically different from GHZ state and in some cases, easier to optically implement. In this paper, we show that multipartite DI-QKD is possible with W states. To this end, we construct Bell inequalities largely violated by W states, which can be used for the multipartite DI-QKD. Furthermore, we consider several different implementation scenarios. First, we analyze the minimum required detection efficiencies to extract finite amount of keys. Then we propose a long-distance multipartite DI-QKD protocol with single-photon interference and make detailed analyses with several physical implementation scenarios. We show that the protocol enables secret key distribution over longer distances than the existing multipartite DI-QKD protocols based on GHZ states. This study provides new insight about the relationship between multipartite entanglement and device-independent quantum information processing as well as opens an alternative path toward long-distance multipartite DI-QKD.

quant-pharXiv:2603.00937•Mar 3, 2026•0 citations

Deterministic arbitrary multi-photon entanglement sharing via noisy channels

Zhi Zeng, Chun Wang, Xi Han Li +1 more

We present an efficient strategy for sharing multipartite polarization entanglement between distant locations via the noisy channel assisted by the time-bin degree of freedom. We demonstrate an entanglement purification protocol for the three-qubit Greenberge–Horne–Zeilinger state and an entanglement distribution protocol for the three-qubit W state. We also generalize the protocol to distribute arbitrary N-photon polarization states to N distant locations. Our schemes do not consume a large number of less-entangled systems and the remote parties can share the desired state in a deterministic way with 100% fidelity in principle. These advantages make our method useful and practical in long-distance quantum communication.

Laser Physics Letters•Nov 19, 2014•11 citations

Asynchronous Routing for Multipartite Entanglement in Quantum Networks

Chenliang Tian, Zebo Yang, Raj Jain +6 more

In quantum networks, one way to communicate is to distribute entanglements through swapping at intermediate nodes. Most existing work primarily aims to create efficient two-party end-to-end entanglement over long distances. However, some scenarios also require remote multipartite entanglement for applications such as quantum secret sharing and multi-party computation. Our previous study improved end-to-end entanglement rates using an asynchronous, tree-based routing scheme that relies solely on local knowledge of entanglement links, conserving unused entanglement and avoiding synchronous operations. This article extends this approach to multipartite entanglements, particularly the three-party Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. It shows that our asynchronous protocol outperforms traditional synchronous methods in entanglement rates, especially as coherence times increase. This approach can also be extended to four-party and larger multipartite GHZ states, highlighting the effectiveness and adaptability of asynchronous routing for multipartite scenarios across various network topologies.

quant-pharXiv:2603.27551•IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)•Mar 31, 2026•1 citation
Entanglement among multiple parties is vital for practical quantum information applications. Astwo kinds of typical multipartite entangled state, the W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)states have attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we propose two practical linear optical schemes for multipartite entanglement distribution in noisy channels. Using the time-bin or spatial-mode degree of freedom (DoF) encoding, the influence of the noise will be eliminated and perfect W or GHZ state can be achieved among different nodes in a deterministic way. Moreover, we construct quantum circuits, which can be implemented with current technology. These results contribute to long-distance quantum communication both in theoretical and experimental points of view.
We present an efficient faithful multipartite polarization entanglement distribution protocol over an arbitrary noisy channel. The spatial degree of freedom is used to carry the entanglement during the transmission. We describe the principle by distributing n-qubit Greenberge—Horne—Zeilinger state and n-qubit W state. Our scheme can be used to distribute arbitrary n-qubit entangled states to n distant locations. The remote parties can obtain maximally entangled states deterministically on the polarization of photons. Only passive linear optics are employed in our setup, which makes our scheme more feasible and efficient for practical application in long distance quantum communication.
We present an efcient faithful multipartite polarization entanglement distribution protocol over an arbitrary noisy channel.The spatial degree of freedom is used to carry the entanglement during the transmission.We describe the principle by distributing n-qubit Greenberge–Horne–Zeilinger state and n-qubit W state.Our scheme can be used to distribute arbitrary n-qubit entangled states to n distant locations.The remote parties can obtain maximally entangled states deterministically on the polarization of photons.Only passive linear optics are employed in our setup,which makes our scheme more feasible and efcient for practical application in long distance quantum communication.
The faithful distribution of entanglement over noisy channels is a vital prerequisite for many quantum technological applications. Quantum information can be encoded in different degrees of freedom (DOF) of photons, where each encoding comes with its own advantages and disadvantages with respect to noise resilience and practicality in manipulation. In this work, we experimentally implement a deterministic entanglement purification protocol that allows us to faithfully distribute entanglement in one DOF over a noisy channel and then remotely transfer it to another DOF for manipulation. In particular, we distribute robust energy-time entanglement and transfer it to polarization entanglement at the communicating parties. The remotely obtained polarization state is independent of the polarization noise during distribution and reaches fidelities to a Bell state of up to $97.6\mathrm{%}$. Our scheme enables robust and efficient polarization entanglement distribution in the presence of arbitrary polarization noise, which is relevant for future large-scale quantum networks.
Multipartite device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD), also known as device-independent conference key agreement, enables more than two remote parties to share a common key with information-theoretic security even without trusting the devices. So far, several multipartite DI-QKD protocols have been proposed where Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are used as multipartite entanglement. A natural question is then whether one can construct multipartite DI-QKD with the other type of multipartite entanglement. W state is of particular interest since it is intrinsically different from GHZ state and in some cases, easier to optically implement. In this paper, we show that multipartite DI-QKD is possible with W states. To this end, we construct Bell inequalities largely violated by W states, which can be used for the multipartite DI-QKD. Furthermore, we consider several different implementation scenarios. First, we analyze the minimum required detection efficiencies to extract finite amount of keys. Then we propose a long-distance multipartite DI-QKD protocol with single-photon interference and make detailed analyses with several physical implementation scenarios. We show that the protocol enables secret key distribution over longer distances than the existing multipartite DI-QKD protocols based on GHZ states. This study provides new insight about the relationship between multipartite entanglement and device-independent quantum information processing as well as opens an alternative path toward long-distance multipartite DI-QKD.
We present an efficient strategy for sharing multipartite polarization entanglement between distant locations via the noisy channel assisted by the time-bin degree of freedom. We demonstrate an entanglement purification protocol for the three-qubit Greenberge–Horne–Zeilinger state and an entanglement distribution protocol for the three-qubit W state. We also generalize the protocol to distribute arbitrary N-photon polarization states to N distant locations. Our schemes do not consume a large number of less-entangled systems and the remote parties can share the desired state in a deterministic way with 100% fidelity in principle. These advantages make our method useful and practical in long-distance quantum communication.
In quantum networks, one way to communicate is to distribute entanglements through swapping at intermediate nodes. Most existing work primarily aims to create efficient two-party end-to-end entanglement over long distances. However, some scenarios also require remote multipartite entanglement for applications such as quantum secret sharing and multi-party computation. Our previous study improved end-to-end entanglement rates using an asynchronous, tree-based routing scheme that relies solely on local knowledge of entanglement links, conserving unused entanglement and avoiding synchronous operations. This article extends this approach to multipartite entanglements, particularly the three-party Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. It shows that our asynchronous protocol outperforms traditional synchronous methods in entanglement rates, especially as coherence times increase. This approach can also be extended to four-party and larger multipartite GHZ states, highlighting the effectiveness and adaptability of asynchronous routing for multipartite scenarios across various network topologies.