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arXiv:1609.08499 · Physical Review A

Magnetic solitons in Rabi-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Chunlei Qu, Marek Tylutki, S. Stringari, Лев П. Питаевский

Published Mar 14, 2017• 48 citations
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Abstract

We study magnetic solitons, solitary waves of spin polarization (i.e., magnetization), in binary Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rabi coupling. We show that the system exhibits two types of magnetic solitons, called $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons, characterized by a different behavior of the relative phase between the two spin components. $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons exhibit a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ jump of the relative phase, independent of their velocity, the static domain wall explored by Son and Stephanov being an example of such $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons with vanishing velocity and magnetization. $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons instead do not exhibit any asymptotic jump in the relative phase. Systematic results are provided for both types of solitons in uniform matter. Numerical calculations in the presence of a one-dimensional harmonic trap reveal that a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton evolves in time into a $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton, and vice versa, oscillating around the center of the trap. Results for the effective mass, the Landau critical velocity, and the role of the transverse confinement are also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.033614

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We study magnetic solitons, solitary waves of spin polarization (i.e., magnetization), in binary Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rabi coupling. We show that the system exhibits two types of magnetic solitons, called 2\ensuremathπ2\ensuremath{\pi}2\ensuremathπ and 0\ensuremathπ0\ensuremath{\pi}0\ensuremathπ solitons, characterized by a different behavior of the relative phase between the two spin components. 2\ensuremathπ2\ensuremath{\pi}2\ensuremathπ solitons exhibit a 2\ensuremathπ2\ensuremath{\pi}2\ensuremathπ jump of the relative phase, independent of their velocity, the static domain wall explored by Son and Stephanov being an example of such 2\ensuremathπ2\ensuremath{\pi}2\ensuremathπ solitons with vanishing velocity and magnetization. 0\ensuremathπ0\ensuremath{\pi}0\ensuremathπ solitons instead do not exhibit any asymptotic jump in the relative phase. Systematic results are provided for both types of solitons in uniform matter. Numerical calculations in the presence of a one-dimensional harmonic trap reveal that a 2\ensuremathπ2\ensuremath{\pi}2\ensuremathπ soliton evolves in time into a 0\ensuremathπ0\ensuremath{\pi}0\ensuremathπ soliton, and vice versa, oscillating around the center of the trap. Results for the effective mass, the Landau critical velocity, and the role of the transverse confinement are also discussed.
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We experimentally investigate the dynamics of spin solitary waves (magnetic solitons) in a harmonically trapped, binary superfluid mixture. We measure the in situ density of each pseudospin component and their relative local phase via an interferometric technique we developed and as such, fully characterize the magnetic solitons while they undergo oscillatory motion in the trap. Magnetic solitons exhibit nondispersive, dissipationless longtime dynamics. By imprinting multiple magnetic solitons in our ultracold gas sample, we engineer binary collisions between solitons of either the same or opposite magnetization and map out their trajectories.
In this thesis, we investigate polarised solitary waves, known as magnetic solitons and dark-antidark solitons, in binary (two-component) Bose-Einstein condensates in the miscible phase. These solitons have been recently realised in experiments and are predicted to form bound states. We calculate the interaction potentials between magnetic solitons with the same and opposite polarisation, uncovering the mechanisms underlying bound state formation. By considering two superimposed counter-propagating magnetic solitons with opposite polarisation, we analytically calculate the dissociation energy of the bound states and find good agreement with full numerical simulations. Furthermore, we show that the oscillation period of bound states depends on the maximum soliton separation. We subsequently extend these results to dark-antidark solitons. For binary dipolar Bose- Einstein condensates, we derive the dispersion relation of elementary excitations and find that, in the presence of a spin-roton, spin-density modulations form around dark-antidark solitons. These modulations lead to additional local maxima and minima in the inter-soliton potentials, enabling the formation of additional bound state regions. Additionally, we compare the collision characteristics of magnetic solitons in non-dipolar systems with dark-antidark solitons in dipolar–nondipolar condensate mixtures and explore the collisions between bound states in the non-dipolar case.
Recent theoretical and experimental research has explored magnetic solitons in binary Bose-Einstein condensates.Here we demonstrate that such solitons are part of an SO(3) soliton family when embedded within a full three-component spin-1 manifold with spin-rotational symmetry.To showcase this, we have experimentally created a type of domain wall magnetic soliton obtained by 90 • rotations, which consists of a boundary between easy-axis and easy-plane polar phases.Collisions between SO(3) solitons are investigated by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, which exhibit novel properties, including rotation and dissipation of soliton spin polarization.