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arXiv:2011.11462 · Physical Review A

Magnetic solitons in an immiscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Xiao Chai, Li You, Chandra Raman

Published Jan 14, 2022• 15 citations
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Abstract

We investigate magnetic solitons in an immiscible binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), where the intraspecies interactions are slightly weaker than the interspecies interactions. While their density and phase profiles are analogous to dark-bright solitons, other characteristic properties such as maximum velocities, widths, total density depletions, and in-trap oscillations are different. In the low-velocity regime, a magnetic soliton reduces to a traveling pair of magnetic domain walls. Collisional behaviors of the solitons are also briefly discussed. We further demonstrate that these solitonic states can be realized in a quasi-one-dimensional spin-1 ferromagnetic BEC with a weak spin interaction, e.g., a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ BEC.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.013313

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We study magnetic solitons, solitary waves of spin polarization (i.e., magnetization), in binary Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rabi coupling. We show that the system exhibits two types of magnetic solitons, called $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons, characterized by a different behavior of the relative phase between the two spin components. $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons exhibit a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ jump of the relative phase, independent of their velocity, the static domain wall explored by Son and Stephanov being an example of such $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons with vanishing velocity and magnetization. $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons instead do not exhibit any asymptotic jump in the relative phase. Systematic results are provided for both types of solitons in uniform matter. Numerical calculations in the presence of a one-dimensional harmonic trap reveal that a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton evolves in time into a $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton, and vice versa, oscillating around the center of the trap. Results for the effective mass, the Landau critical velocity, and the role of the transverse confinement are also discussed.
Abstract We numerically investigate the collision dynamics of a dark soliton with a domain wall in an immiscible, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-two-dimensional harmonic trap. The role of the inter-species interaction strength δ=g12/g11\delta = g_{12}/g_{11}δ=g12​/g11​ and the soliton's initial displacement Δx\Delta_xΔx​ is investigated thoroughly. Our results reveal a clear bifurcation into two distinct dynamical regimes: a penetrationregimepenetration regimepenetrationregime, where the soliton decays into vortex pairs that cross the interface, and a non−penetrationregimenon-penetration regimenon−penetrationregime, where the soliton's energy is dissipated at the interface through sound emission and vortex annihilation. We present a phase diagram that maps these outcomes across the (δ,Δx)(\delta, \Delta_x)(δ,Δx​) parameter space. Furthermore, within the non-penetration regime, we identify a complex excited state characterized by the combination of component breakup in one component and vortex formation in the other. This work provides the systematic study of dark soliton-domain wall interactions in a 2D phase-separated binary BEC, offering new insights into interfacial dynamics and non-equilibrium transport in multi-component quantum fluids.
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We theoretically investigate the one-dimensional dynamics of a dark soliton in a two-component immiscible mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive interactions. We analyze the reflection and transmission of a soliton when it propagates through the domain wall, and we show that a dark-bright soliton can be dynamically generated by the interaction of the dark soliton with the domain wall, outside the regime of parameters where stationary solutions are known to exist. The dynamics of this dark-bright soliton is harmoniclike, with a numerical frequency that is in good agreement with the predictions of a semianalytical model.