Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1912.06672 · Physical Review Letters

Magnetic Solitons in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate

Xiao Chai, Di Lao, Kazuya Fujimoto, Ryusuke Hamazaki, Masahito Ueda, Chandra Raman

Published Jul 15, 2020• 80 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Vector solitons are a type of solitary or nonspreading wave packet occurring in a nonlinear medium composed of multiple components. As such, a variety of synthetic systems can be constructed to explore their properties, from nonlinear optics to ultracold atoms, and even in metamaterials. Bose-Einstein condensates have a rich panoply of internal hyperfine levels, or spin components, which make them a unique platform for exploring these solitary waves. However, existing experimental work has focused largely on binary systems confined to the Manakov limit of the nonlinear equations governing the soliton behavior, where quantum magnetism plays no role. Here we observe, using a "magnetic shadowing" technique, a new type of soliton in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, one that exists only when the underlying interactions are antiferromagnetic and which is deeply embedded within a full spin-1 quantum system. Our approach opens up a vista for future studies of "solitonic matter" whereby multiple solitons interact with one another at deterministic locations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.125.030402

Related papers

Multicomponent gap solitons in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Beata J. Dąbrowska-Wüster, Elena A. Ostrovskaya, Tristram J. Alexander +1 more

We model the nonlinear behavior of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with repulsive spin-independent interactions and either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic (polar) spin-dependent interactions, loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice potential. We show that both types of BECs exhibit dynamical instabilities and may form spatially localized multicomponent structures. The localized states of the spinor matter waves take the form of vector gap solitons and self-trapped waves that exist only within gaps of the linear Bloch-wave band-gap spectrum. Of special interest are the nonlinear localized states that do not exhibit a common spatial density profile shared by all condensate components, and consequently cannot be described by the single mode approximation (SMA) frequently employed within the framework of the mean-field treatment. We show that the non-SMA states can exhibits Josephson-like internal oscillations and self-magnetization, i.e., intrinsic precession of the local spin. Finally, we demonstrate that nonstationary states of a spinor BEC in a lattice exhibit coherent undamped spin-mixing dynamics, and that their controlled conversion into a stationary state can be achieved by the application of an external magnetic field.

arXiv:cond-mat/0612104•Physical Review A•Feb 21, 2007•91 citations

Magnetic solitons in Rabi-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Chunlei Qu, Marek Tylutki, S. Stringari +1 more

We study magnetic solitons, solitary waves of spin polarization (i.e., magnetization), in binary Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rabi coupling. We show that the system exhibits two types of magnetic solitons, called $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons, characterized by a different behavior of the relative phase between the two spin components. $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons exhibit a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ jump of the relative phase, independent of their velocity, the static domain wall explored by Son and Stephanov being an example of such $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons with vanishing velocity and magnetization. $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons instead do not exhibit any asymptotic jump in the relative phase. Systematic results are provided for both types of solitons in uniform matter. Numerical calculations in the presence of a one-dimensional harmonic trap reveal that a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton evolves in time into a $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton, and vice versa, oscillating around the center of the trap. Results for the effective mass, the Landau critical velocity, and the role of the transverse confinement are also discussed.

arXiv:1609.08499•Physical Review A•Mar 14, 2017•48 citations

Observation of Magnetic Solitons in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates

A. Farolfi, Dimitrios Trypogeorgos, Carmelo Mordini +2 more

We experimentally investigate the dynamics of spin solitary waves (magnetic solitons) in a harmonically trapped, binary superfluid mixture. We measure the in situ density of each pseudospin component and their relative local phase via an interferometric technique we developed and as such, fully characterize the magnetic solitons while they undergo oscillatory motion in the trap. Magnetic solitons exhibit nondispersive, dissipationless longtime dynamics. By imprinting multiple magnetic solitons in our ultracold gas sample, we engineer binary collisions between solitons of either the same or opposite magnetization and map out their trajectories.

arXiv:1912.10513•Physical Review Letters•Jul 15, 2020•80 citations

Dark Solitons in F=1 Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate

Masaru Uchiyama, Jun’ichi Ieda, Miki Wadati

We study dark soliton solutions of a multi-component Gross--Pitaevskii equation for hyperfine spin F=1 spinor Bose--Einstein condensate. The interactions are supposed to be inter-atomic repulsive and anti-ferromagnetic ones of equal magnitude. The solutions are obtained from those of an integrable $2\times 2$ matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions. We investigate the one-soliton and two-soliton solutions in detail. One-soliton is classified into two kinds. The ferromagnetic state has wavefunctions of domain-wall shape and its total spin is nonzero. The polar state provides a hole soliton and its total spin is zero. These two states are selected by choosing the type of the boundary conditions. In two-soliton collisions, we observe the spin-mixing or spin-transfer. It is found that, as "magnetic" carriers, solitons in the ferromagnetic state are operative for the spin-mixing while those in the polar are passive.

arXiv:cond-mat/0603070•Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Jun 8, 2006•123 citations

Multiple Soliton Asymptotics in a Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensate

Zhong-Zhou Lan

Abstract Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are formed when atoms in the multi-component BECs possess single hyperfine spin states but retain internal spin degrees of freedom. This study concentrates on a (1+1)-dimensional three-couple Gross–Pitaevskii system to depict the macroscopic spinor BEC waves within the mean-field approximation. Regarding the distribution of the atoms corresponding to the three vertical spin projections, a known binary Darboux transformation is utilized to derive the N matter-wave soliton solutions and triple-pole matter-wave soliton solutions on the zero background, where N is a positive integer. For those multiple matter-wave solitons, the asymptotic analysis is performed to obtain the algebraic expressions of the soliton components in the N matter-wave solitons and triple-pole matter-wave solitons. The asymptotic results indicate that the matter-wave solitons in the spinor BECs possess the property of maintaining their energy content and coherence during the propagation and interactions. Particularly, in the N matter-wave solitons, each soliton component contributes to the phase shifts of the other soliton components; and in the triple-pole matter-wave solitons, stable attractive forces exist between the different matter-wave soliton components. Those multiple matter-wave solitons are graphically illustrated through three-dimensional plots, density plot and contour plot, which are consistent with the asymptotic analysis results. The present analysis may provide the explanations for the complex natural mechanisms of the matter waves in the spinor BECs, and may have potential applications in designs of atom lasers, atom interferometry and coherent atom transport.

Chinese Physics Letters•Aug 23, 2024•44 citations

Magnetic solitons of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice

Zhengwei Xie, Weiping Zhang, S. T. Chui +1 more

Magnetic solitons in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied by the Holstein-Primakoff transformation method. It is shown that due to the long-range light-induced and static magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, there exist different types of magnetic solitary excitations in different parameter regions. Compared to conventional solid-state materials, the parameters of this type of magnetic solitons in an optical lattice can be easily tuned by the above dipole-dipole interactions, which are highly controllable in experiments.

Physical Review A•May 12, 2004•55 citations
Vector solitons are a type of solitary or nonspreading wave packet occurring in a nonlinear medium composed of multiple components. As such, a variety of synthetic systems can be constructed to explore their properties, from nonlinear optics to ultracold atoms, and even in metamaterials. Bose-Einstein condensates have a rich panoply of internal hyperfine levels, or spin components, which make them a unique platform for exploring these solitary waves. However, existing experimental work has focused largely on binary systems confined to the Manakov limit of the nonlinear equations governing the soliton behavior, where quantum magnetism plays no role. Here we observe, using a "magnetic shadowing" technique, a new type of soliton in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, one that exists only when the underlying interactions are antiferromagnetic and which is deeply embedded within a full spin-1 quantum system. Our approach opens up a vista for future studies of "solitonic matter" whereby multiple solitons interact with one another at deterministic locations.
We model the nonlinear behavior of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with repulsive spin-independent interactions and either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic (polar) spin-dependent interactions, loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice potential. We show that both types of BECs exhibit dynamical instabilities and may form spatially localized multicomponent structures. The localized states of the spinor matter waves take the form of vector gap solitons and self-trapped waves that exist only within gaps of the linear Bloch-wave band-gap spectrum. Of special interest are the nonlinear localized states that do not exhibit a common spatial density profile shared by all condensate components, and consequently cannot be described by the single mode approximation (SMA) frequently employed within the framework of the mean-field treatment. We show that the non-SMA states can exhibits Josephson-like internal oscillations and self-magnetization, i.e., intrinsic precession of the local spin. Finally, we demonstrate that nonstationary states of a spinor BEC in a lattice exhibit coherent undamped spin-mixing dynamics, and that their controlled conversion into a stationary state can be achieved by the application of an external magnetic field.
We study magnetic solitons, solitary waves of spin polarization (i.e., magnetization), in binary Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of Rabi coupling. We show that the system exhibits two types of magnetic solitons, called $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons, characterized by a different behavior of the relative phase between the two spin components. $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons exhibit a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ jump of the relative phase, independent of their velocity, the static domain wall explored by Son and Stephanov being an example of such $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons with vanishing velocity and magnetization. $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ solitons instead do not exhibit any asymptotic jump in the relative phase. Systematic results are provided for both types of solitons in uniform matter. Numerical calculations in the presence of a one-dimensional harmonic trap reveal that a $2\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton evolves in time into a $0\ensuremath{\pi}$ soliton, and vice versa, oscillating around the center of the trap. Results for the effective mass, the Landau critical velocity, and the role of the transverse confinement are also discussed.
We experimentally investigate the dynamics of spin solitary waves (magnetic solitons) in a harmonically trapped, binary superfluid mixture. We measure the in situ density of each pseudospin component and their relative local phase via an interferometric technique we developed and as such, fully characterize the magnetic solitons while they undergo oscillatory motion in the trap. Magnetic solitons exhibit nondispersive, dissipationless longtime dynamics. By imprinting multiple magnetic solitons in our ultracold gas sample, we engineer binary collisions between solitons of either the same or opposite magnetization and map out their trajectories.
We study dark soliton solutions of a multi-component Gross--Pitaevskii equation for hyperfine spin F=1 spinor Bose--Einstein condensate. The interactions are supposed to be inter-atomic repulsive and anti-ferromagnetic ones of equal magnitude. The solutions are obtained from those of an integrable 2×22\times 22×2 matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonvanishing boundary conditions. We investigate the one-soliton and two-soliton solutions in detail. One-soliton is classified into two kinds. The ferromagnetic state has wavefunctions of domain-wall shape and its total spin is nonzero. The polar state provides a hole soliton and its total spin is zero. These two states are selected by choosing the type of the boundary conditions. In two-soliton collisions, we observe the spin-mixing or spin-transfer. It is found that, as "magnetic" carriers, solitons in the ferromagnetic state are operative for the spin-mixing while those in the polar are passive.
Abstract Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are formed when atoms in the multi-component BECs possess single hyperfine spin states but retain internal spin degrees of freedom. This study concentrates on a (1+1)-dimensional three-couple Gross–Pitaevskii system to depict the macroscopic spinor BEC waves within the mean-field approximation. Regarding the distribution of the atoms corresponding to the three vertical spin projections, a known binary Darboux transformation is utilized to derive the N matter-wave soliton solutions and triple-pole matter-wave soliton solutions on the zero background, where N is a positive integer. For those multiple matter-wave solitons, the asymptotic analysis is performed to obtain the algebraic expressions of the soliton components in the N matter-wave solitons and triple-pole matter-wave solitons. The asymptotic results indicate that the matter-wave solitons in the spinor BECs possess the property of maintaining their energy content and coherence during the propagation and interactions. Particularly, in the N matter-wave solitons, each soliton component contributes to the phase shifts of the other soliton components; and in the triple-pole matter-wave solitons, stable attractive forces exist between the different matter-wave soliton components. Those multiple matter-wave solitons are graphically illustrated through three-dimensional plots, density plot and contour plot, which are consistent with the asymptotic analysis results. The present analysis may provide the explanations for the complex natural mechanisms of the matter waves in the spinor BECs, and may have potential applications in designs of atom lasers, atom interferometry and coherent atom transport.
Magnetic solitons in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied by the Holstein-Primakoff transformation method. It is shown that due to the long-range light-induced and static magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, there exist different types of magnetic solitary excitations in different parameter regions. Compared to conventional solid-state materials, the parameters of this type of magnetic solitons in an optical lattice can be easily tuned by the above dipole-dipole interactions, which are highly controllable in experiments.