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arXiv:1607.06181 · Physical Review A

Quantum crystallography of Rydberg-dressed Bose gases on a square lattice

Che-Hsiu Hsueh, W. C. Wu, Makoto Tsubota

Published Jan 27, 2017• 6 citations
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Abstract

We numerically investigate the quantum crystallographic phases of a Rydberg-dressed Bose gas loaded on a square lattice by using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii model. For a relatively weak lattice confinement, the phases of ground state undergo amorphism, polycrystal, and polymorphism following the increase of the blockade radius, and if the confinement is stronger, a single crystal with a specific filling factor will be formed. In order to distinctively characterize these phases, the structure function is also studied. In such an anisotropic system, we show that the superfluid-fraction tensor should be a measurable quantity, and an anisotropy parameter can be defined. In addition, for such crystallographic phases, the interaction potential can manifest where the grain boundaries appear.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.013631

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We numerically investigate the quantum crystallographic phases of a Rydberg-dressed Bose gas loaded on a square lattice by using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii model. For a relatively weak lattice confinement, the phases of ground state undergo amorphism, polycrystal, and polymorphism following the increase of the blockade radius, and if the confinement is stronger, a single crystal with a specific filling factor will be formed. In order to distinctively characterize these phases, the structure function is also studied. In such an anisotropic system, we show that the superfluid-fraction tensor should be a measurable quantity, and an anisotropy parameter can be defined. In addition, for such crystallographic phases, the interaction potential can manifest where the grain boundaries appear.
Based on a mean-field approach, spontaneously crystalline ground states, called quantum crystals, of a trapped Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate are numerically investigated. In a quasi-two-dimensional geometry, a hexagonal lattice of condensate droplets manifests when dressed coupling is above a critical value. The onset of the crystallized state is characterized by a drastic drop of the nonclassical rotational inertia fraction (NCRIF). Nevertheless, the NCRIF remains a large value for a large span of dressed coupling, which indicates that the long-range phase coherence of a superfluid is preserved in the crystallized state. By relaxing the confinement against the two-dimensional geometry and by introducing an anisotropic interaction, an ABABAB stacking bilayer lattice and a nearly square lattice, respectively, are also available in the system. A quasi-one-dimensional lattice is also shown.
We study ultracold Rydberg-dressed Bose gases subject to artificial gauge fields in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) regime. The characteristics of the Rydberg interaction give rise to interesting many-body ground states different from standard FQH physics in the lowest Landau level. The nonlocal but rapidly decreasing interaction potential favors crystalline ground states for very dilute systems. While a simple Wigner crystal becomes energetically favorable compared to the Laughlin liquid for filling fractions $\ensuremath{\nu}<1/12$, a correlated crystal of composite particles emerges already for $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\le}1/6$ with a large energy gap to the simple Wigner crystal. The presence of a new length scale, the Rydberg blockade radius aB{a}_{B}aB​, gives rise to a bubble crystal phase for $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1/4$ when the average particle distance becomes less than aB{a}_{B}aB​, which describes the region of saturated, almost constant interaction potential. For larger fillings indications for strongly correlated cluster liquids are found.
Abstract The experimental realization of Rydberg dressing technology in ultracold atomic systems provides another superior platform for studying novel states of matter and macroscopic quantum phenomena. In this work, based on the mean-field theory, we have investigated the ground-state phases of a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with Rydberg interaction and confined in a toroidal trap. The effects of the Rydberg interaction and external potential, especially the Rydberg blockade radius, on the ground-state structure of such a system have been investigated in full parameter space. Our results show that the Rydberg blockade radius, which can be regarded as another controllable parameter, can be used to obtain a variety of ground-state phases. More interestingly, it is found that for weak Rydberg interactions, the Rydberg blockade radius breaks the spontaneous rotational symmetry of the system, leading to the formation of a discrete unit cell structure. For strongly interacting cases, it can be used to realize different orders of discrete rotational symmetry breaking.
We study ultracold Rydberg-dressed Bose gases subject to artificial gauge fields in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) regime. The characteristics of the Rydberg interaction gives rise to interesting many-body ground states different from standard FQH physics in the lowest Landau level (LLL). The non-local but rapidly decreasing interaction potential favors crystalline ground states for very dilute systems. While a simple Wigner crystal becomes energetically favorable compared to the Laughlin liquid for filling fractions ν<1/12\nu<1/12ν<1/12, a correlated crystal of composite particles emerges already for ν≤1/6\nu \leq 1/6ν≤1/6 with a large energy gap to the simple Wigner crystal. The presence of a new length scale, the Rydberg blockade radius aBa_BaB​, gives rise to a bubble crystal phase for ν≲1/4\nu\lesssim 1/4ν≲1/4 when the average particle distance becomes less than aBa_BaB​, which describes the region of saturated, almost constant interaction potential. For larger fillings indications for strongly correlated cluster liquids are found.
Engineering quantum phases with spontaneously broken symmetries is a major goal of research in different fields. Trapped ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms in optical lattices are a promising platform for realizing quantum phases with broken lattice translational symmetry since they are interacting over distances larger than the lattice constant. Although numerous theoretical works on trapped Rydberg-excited gases have predicted such phases, in particular, density wave or supersolid phases, their experimental observation proves to be difficult due to challenges such as scattering processes and the limited experimentally achievable coupling strength. Most of these previous studies have focused on isotropically interacting gases dressed with Rydberg sss states, while the effect of anisotropic interactions due to Rydberg-excited ppp states in trapped quantum gases remains much less investigated. Additionally, it was shown that the excitation scheme used to excite Rydberg ppp states possesses advantages regarding achievable coupling strengths and limitation of scattering processes compared to its sss-state counterpart, which makes the investigation of Rydberg ppp-state dressed quantum gases even more interesting. In the present work we study the extended two-component Bose-Hubbard model, realized with a bosonic quantum gas with Rydberg-excited ppp states trapped in an optical lattice, within the Gutzwiller mean-field theory. We compute the ground-state phase diagram and investigate its different regimes. By comparison to the phase diagram of the isotropic case, we find the anisotropic interaction to be more advantageous for the observation of supersolid phases.
We investigate the quantum phases of monodispersed bosonic gases confined to a triangular lattice and interacting via a class of soft-shoulder potentials. The latter correspond to soft-core potentials with an additional hard-core onsite interaction. Using exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the low temperature phases for weak and strong interactions are an homogeneous superfluid and a glass, respectively. The latter is an insulating phase characterized by inhomogeneity in the density distribution and structural disorder. Remarkably, we find that for intermediate interaction strengths a {\it superglass} occurs in an extended region of the phase diagram, where glassy behavior coexists with a sizable finite superfluid fraction. This superglass is obtained in the absence of geometrical frustration or external disorder and is a result of the competition of quantum fluctuations and cluster formation in the corresponding classical ground state. Given the simplicity and generality of the model, these phases should be directly relevant for state-of-the-art experiments with Rydberg-dressed atoms in optical lattices.