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arXiv:1606.01826 · Physical Review Applied

Efficient Extraction of Zero-Phonon-Line Photons from Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in an Integrated GaP-on-Diamond Platform

Michael Gould, Emma Schmidgall, Shabnam Dadgostar, Fariba Hatami, Kai‐Mei C. Fu

Published Jul 29, 2016• 79 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Realizing a scalable quantum network based on defects in diamond is impeded by the difficulty of collecting the photons that are useful for generating spin-spin entanglement. By integrating the diamond $N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}V$ center with a single-mode waveguide in a $I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I-V$ semiconductor photonic circuit, the authors achieve photon collection rates above the theoretical limit for free-space, nonresonant collection. This performance meets or exceeds that of all-diamond photonic circuits, and along with the scale of integration shows the potential of this hybrid platform for quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.6.011001

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Realizing a scalable quantum network based on defects in diamond is impeded by the difficulty of collecting the photons that are useful for generating spin-spin entanglement. By integrating the diamond N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}V center with a single-mode waveguide in a I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I-V semiconductor photonic circuit, the authors achieve photon collection rates above the theoretical limit for free-space, nonresonant collection. This performance meets or exceeds that of all-diamond photonic circuits, and along with the scale of integration shows the potential of this hybrid platform for quantum information processing.
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The efficient interfacing of quantum emitters and photons is fundamental to quantum networking. Quantum defects embedded in integrated nanophotonic circuits are promising for such applications due to the deterministic light-matter interactions of high-cooperativity (C>1C>1C>1) cavity quantum electrodynamics and potential for scalable integration with active photonic processing. Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers embedded in diamond nanophotonic cavities are a leading approach due to their excellent optical and spin coherence, however their long-term scalability is limited by the diamond itself, as its suspended geometry and weak nonlinearity necessitates coupling to a second processing chip. Here we realize the first high-cooperativity coupling of quantum defects to hybrid-integrated nanophotonics in a scalable, planar platform. We integrate more than 600 gallium phosphide (GaP) nanophotonic cavities on a diamond substrate with near-surface SiV centers. We examine a particular device with two strongly coupled SiV centers in detail, confirming above-unity cooperativity via multiple independent measurements. Application of an external magnetic field via a permanent magnet enables optical resolution of the SiV spin transitions from which we determine a spin-relaxation time T1>0.4T_1>0.4T1​>0.4 ms at 4 K. We utilize the high cooperativity coupling to observe spin-dependent transmission switching and the quantum jumps of the SiV spin via single-shot readout. These results, coupled with GaP's strong nonlinear properties, establish GaP-on-diamond as a scalable planar platform for quantum network applications.
Nitrogen–vacancy centers in diamond have outstanding quantum optical properties that enable applications in information processing and sensing. As with most solid-state systems for quantum photonic applications, the great promise lies in the capability to embed them in an on-chip optical network. Here we present basic integrated devices composed of diamond micro-ring resonators coupled to waveguides that are terminated with grating out-couplers. Strong enhancement is observed for the zero-phonon line of nitrogen–vacancy centers coupled to the ring resonance. The zero-phonon line is efficiently coupled from the ring into the waveguide and then scattered out of plane by the grating out-couplers.
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.