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arXiv:1603.09688 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Matrix model for non-Abelian quantum Hall states

Nick Dorey A, David Tong, Carl Turner

Published Aug 9, 2016• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a matrix quantum mechanics for a class of non-Abelian quantum Hall states. The model describes electrons which carry an internal $\text{SU}(p)$ spin. The ground states of the matrix model include spin-singlet generalizations of the Moore-Read and Read-Rezayi states and, in general, lie in a class previously introduced by Blok and Wen. The effective action for these states is a $\text{U}(p)$ Chern-Simons theory. We show how the matrix model can be derived from quantization of the vortices in this Chern-Simons theory and how the matrix model ground states can be reconstructed as correlation functions in the boundary WZW model.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.085114

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We propose a matrix quantum mechanics for a class of non-Abelian quantum Hall states. The model describes electrons which carry an internal SU(p)\text{SU}(p)SU(p) spin. The ground states of the matrix model include spin-singlet generalizations of the Moore-Read and Read-Rezayi states and, in general, lie in a class previously introduced by Blok and Wen. The effective action for these states is a U(p)\text{U}(p)U(p) Chern-Simons theory. We show how the matrix model can be derived from quantization of the vortices in this Chern-Simons theory and how the matrix model ground states can be reconstructed as correlation functions in the boundary WZW model.
Quantum Hall matrix models are simple, solvable quantum mechanical systems which capture the physics of certain fractional quantum Hall states. Recently it was shown that the Hall viscosity can be extracted from the matrix model for Laughlin states. Here we extend this calculation to the matrix models for a class of non-Abelian quantum Hall states. These states, which were previously introduced by Blok and Wen, arise from the conformal blocks of Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory models. We show that the Hall viscosity computed from the matrix model coincides with a result of Read, in which the Hall viscosity is determined in terms of the weights of primary operators of an associated conformal field theory.
Significant insights into non-Abelian quantum Hall states are obtained from studying special multiparticle interaction Hamiltonians, whose unique ground states are the Moore-Read and Read-Rezayi states for the case of spinless electrons. We generalize this approach to include the electronic spin-1/2 degree of freedom. We demonstrate that in the absence of Zeeman splitting, the ground states of such Hamiltonians have large degeneracies and very rich spin structures. The spin structure of the ground states and low-energy excitations can be understood based on an emergent SU(3) symmetry for the case corresponding to the Moore-Read state. These states with different spin quantum numbers represent non-Abelian quantum Hall states with different magnetizations, whose quasihole properties are likely to be similar to those of their spin-polarized counterparts.
While the internal structure of Abelian topological order is well understood, how to characterize the non-Abelian topological order is an outstanding issue. We propose a distinctive scheme based on the many-body Chern number matrix to characterize non-Abelian multicomponent fractional quantum Hall states. As a concrete example, we study the many-body ground state of two-component bosons at the filling faction $\ensuremath{\nu}=4/3$ in topological flat band models. Utilizing density-matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization calculations, we demonstrate the emergence of non-Abelian spin-singlet fractional quantum Hall effect under three-body interaction, whose topological nature is classified by sixfold degenerate ground states and a fractionally quantized Chern-number matrix.
Partition functions of edge excitations are obtained for non-Abelian Hall states in the second Landau level, such as the anti-Read–Rezayi state, the Bonderson–Slingerland hierarchy and the Wen non-Abelian fluid, as well as for the non-Abelian spin-singlet state. The derivation is straightforward and unique starting from the non-Abelian conformal field theory data and solving the modular invariance conditions. The partition functions provide a complete account of the excitation spectrum and are used to describe experiments of Coulomb blockade and thermopower.
The recent proposal of non-Abelian boson-fermion dualities in 2+12+12+1 dimensions, which morally relate U(k)NU{(k)}_{N}U(k)N​ to $SU{(N)}_{\ensuremath{-}k}$ Chern-Simons-matter theories, presents a new platform for exploring the landscape of non-Abelian quantum Hall states accessible from theories of Abelian composite particles. Here we focus on dualities relating theories of Abelian quantum Hall states of bosons or fermions to theories of non-Abelian ``composite fermions'' partially filling Landau levels. We show that these dualities predict special filling fractions where both Abelian and non-Abelian composite fermion theories appear capable of hosting distinct topologically ordered ground states, one Abelian and the other a non-Abelian, U(k)2U{(k)}_{2}U(k)2​ Blok-Wen state. Rather than being in conflict with the duality, we argue that these results indicate unexpected dynamics in which the infrared and lowest Landau level limits fail to commute across the duality. In such a scenario, the non-Abelian topological order can be destabilized in favor of the Abelian ground state, suggesting the presence of a phase transition between the Abelian and non-Abelian states that is likely to be first order. We also generalize these constructions to other non-Abelian fermion-fermion dualities, in the process obtaining new derivations of a variety of paired composite fermion phases using duality, including the anti-Pfaffian state. Finally, we describe how, in multilayer constructions, excitonic pairing of the composite fermions across NNN layers can also generate the family of Blok-Wen states with U(k)2U{(k)}_{2}U(k)2​ topological order.
We introduce an exactly solvable SU(2)-invariant spin-1/2 model with exotic spin excitations. With time reversal symmetry (TRS), the ground state is a spin liquid with gapless or gapped spin-1 but fermionic excitations. When TRS is broken, the resulting spin liquid exhibits deconfined vortex excitations which carry spin-1/2 and obey non-Abelian statistics. We show that this SU(2) invariant non-Abelian spin liquid exhibits the spin quantum Hall effect with quantized spin Hall conductivity σ(xy)(s)=ℏ/2π, and that the spin response is effectively described by the SO(3) level-1 Chern-Simons theory at low energy. We further propose that a SU(2) level-2 Chern-Simons theory is the effective field theory describing the topological structure of the non-Abelian SU(2) invariant spin liquid.