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arXiv:1602.03136 · Physical Review A

Solvable multistate model of Landau-Zener transitions in cavity QED

Nikolai A. Sinitsyn, Fuxiang Li

Published Jun 29, 2016• 47 citations
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Abstract

We consider the model of a single optical cavity mode interacting with two-level systems (spins) driven by a linearly time-dependent field. When this field passes through values at which spin energy-level splittings become comparable to spin coupling to the optical mode, a cascade of Landau-Zener transitions leads to coflips of spins in exchange for photons of the cavity. We derive exact transition probabilities between different diabatic states induced by such a sweep of the field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.063859

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We consider the model of a single optical cavity mode interacting with two-level systems (spins) driven by a linearly time-dependent field. When this field passes through values at which spin energy-level splittings become comparable to spin coupling to the optical mode, a cascade of Landau-Zener transitions leads to coflips of spins in exchange for photons of the cavity. We derive exact transition probabilities between different diabatic states induced by such a sweep of the field.
We investigate a Landau-Zener (LZ) transition process modeled by a quantum two-level system (TLS) coupled to a photon mode when the bias energy is varied linearly in time. The initial state of the photon field is assumed to be a superposition of coherent states, leading to a more intricate LZ transition. Applying the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), analytical results are obtained revealing the enhancement of the LZ probability by increasing the average photon number. We also consider the creation of entanglement and the change of photon statistics during the LZ process. Without the RWA, we find some qualitative differences of the LZ dynamics from the RWA results; e.g., the average photon number no longer monotonically enhances the LZ probability. The ramifications and implications of these results are explored.
A qubit may undergo Landau‐Zener transitions due to its coupling to one or several quantum harmonic oscillators. First we show that for a qubit coupled to one oscillator, Landau‐Zener transitions can be used for single‐photon generation and for the controllable creation of qubit‐oscillator entanglement, with state‐of‐the‐art circuit QED as a promising realization. Second, for a qubit coupled to two cavities, we show that Landau‐Zener sweeps of the qubit are well suited for the robust creation of entangled cavity states, in particular symmetric Bell states, with the qubit acting as the entanglement mediator. Finally, for a qubit coupled to an environment or bath we propose to employ dissipative Landau‐Zener sweeps of the qubit for the detection of bath properties. At the heart of our proposals lies the calculation of the exact Landau‐Zener transition probability for the qubit, by summing all orders of the corresponding series in time‐dependent perturbation theory.
We explore the asymmetric sequential Landau-Zener (LZ) dynamics in an ensemble of interacting Bose-condensed two-level atoms coupled with a cavity field. Assuming the couplings between all atoms and the cavity field are identical, the interplay between atom-atom interaction and detuning may lead to a series of LZ transitions. Unlike the conventional sequential LZ transitions, which are symmetric to the zero detuning, the LZ transitions of Bose-condensed atoms in a cavity field are asymmetric and sensitively depend on the photon number distribution of the cavity. In LZ processes involving single excitation numbers, both the variance of the relative atom number and the step slope of the sequential population ladder are asymmetric, and the asymmetry becomes more significant for smaller excitation numbers. Furthermore, in LZ processes involving multiple excitation numbers, there may appear asymmetric population ladders with decreasing step heights. During a dynamical LZ process, due to the atom-cavity coupling, the cavity field shows dynamical collapses and revivals. In comparison with the symmetric LZ transitions in a classical field, the asymmetric LZ transitions in a cavity field originate from the photon-number-dependent Rabi frequency. The asymmetric sequential LZ dynamics of Bose-condensed atoms in a cavity field may open up a way to explore the fundamental many-body physics in coupled atom-photon systems.
We study Landau-Zener transitions in a qubit coupled to a bath at zero temperature. A general formula that is applicable to models with a nondegenerate ground state is derived. We calculate exact transition probabilities for a qubit coupled to either a bosonic or a spin bath. The nature of the baths and the qubit-bath coupling is reflected in the transition probabilities. For diagonal coupling, when the bath causes energy fluctuations of the diabatic qubit states but no transitions between them, the transition probability coincides with the standard Landau-Zener probability of an isolated qubit. This result is universal as it does not depend on the specific type of bath. For pure off-diagonal coupling, by contrast, the tunneling probability is sensitive to the coupling strength. We discuss the relevance of our results for experiments on molecular nanomagnets, in circuit QED, and for the fast-pulse readout of superconducting phase qubits.
The interaction of a two-level cyclic XY n-spin model with a two-mode cavity field involving two-photon transitions is investigated through a generalized Jaynes-Cummings model in the rotating-wave approximation. The two-photon interacting Hamiltonian becomes from the replacement of each single-mode field in the one-photon interacting Hamiltonian with the second-harmonic generation. It was assumed that initially the correlated field modes are in disentangled coherent states having the same photon distribution and that the spin system is in an excited state. At any time t > 0, the spin system and the field are in an entangled state, in this case, via a unitary time evolution operator. Thus, the spontaneous decay of a spin level was treated by considering the interaction of the two-level spin system with the modes of the universe in the vacuum state. The different cases of interest, characterized in terms of a detuning parameter for each mode, which emerge from nonvanishing commutation relations, were analytically implemented and numerically discussed for various values of the initial mean photon number and spin-photon coupling constants. Photon distribution, time evolution of the spin population inversion, as well as the statistical properties of the field leading to the possible production of nonclassical states, such as antibunched light, violations of the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, and second- and fourth-order squeezing, are examined. The case of zero detuning of both modes was treated in terms of a linearization of the expansion of the time evolution operator, while in other three cases, the computations were conducted via second- and third-order Dyson perturbation expansion of the time evolution operator matrix elements for the excited and ground states of the spin system, respectively.