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arXiv:cond-mat/0603188 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Quantum state preparation in circuit QED via Landau-Zener tunneling

K Saito, Martijn Wubs, S Kohler, Peter Hänggi A, Y Kayanuma

Published Aug 30, 2006• 67 citations
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Abstract

We study a qubit undergoing Landau-Zener transitions enabled by the coupling to a circuit-QED mode. Summing an infinite-order perturbation series, we determine the exact nonadiabatic transition probability for the qubit, being independent of the frequency of the QED mode. Possible applications are single-photon generation and the controllable creation of qubit-oscillator entanglement.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i2006-10232-4

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We study a qubit undergoing Landau-Zener transitions enabled by the coupling to a circuit-QED mode. Summing an infinite-order perturbation series, we determine the exact nonadiabatic transition probability for the qubit, being independent of the frequency of the QED mode. Possible applications are single-photon generation and the controllable creation of qubit-oscillator entanglement.
A qubit may undergo Landau‐Zener transitions due to its coupling to one or several quantum harmonic oscillators. First we show that for a qubit coupled to one oscillator, Landau‐Zener transitions can be used for single‐photon generation and for the controllable creation of qubit‐oscillator entanglement, with state‐of‐the‐art circuit QED as a promising realization. Second, for a qubit coupled to two cavities, we show that Landau‐Zener sweeps of the qubit are well suited for the robust creation of entangled cavity states, in particular symmetric Bell states, with the qubit acting as the entanglement mediator. Finally, for a qubit coupled to an environment or bath we propose to employ dissipative Landau‐Zener sweeps of the qubit for the detection of bath properties. At the heart of our proposals lies the calculation of the exact Landau‐Zener transition probability for the qubit, by summing all orders of the corresponding series in time‐dependent perturbation theory.
We study Landau-Zener transitions in a qubit coupled to a bath at zero temperature. A general formula that is applicable to models with a nondegenerate ground state is derived. We calculate exact transition probabilities for a qubit coupled to either a bosonic or a spin bath. The nature of the baths and the qubit-bath coupling is reflected in the transition probabilities. For diagonal coupling, when the bath causes energy fluctuations of the diabatic qubit states but no transitions between them, the transition probability coincides with the standard Landau-Zener probability of an isolated qubit. This result is universal as it does not depend on the specific type of bath. For pure off-diagonal coupling, by contrast, the tunneling probability is sensitive to the coupling strength. We discuss the relevance of our results for experiments on molecular nanomagnets, in circuit QED, and for the fast-pulse readout of superconducting phase qubits.
We calculate the exact Landau-Zener transition probabilities for a qubit with an arbitrary linear coupling to a bath at zero temperature. The final quantum state exhibits a peculiar entanglement between the qubit and the bath. In the special case of diagonal coupling, the bath does not influence the transition probability, whatever the speed of the Landau-Zener sweep. It is proposed to use Landau-Zener transitions to determine both the reorganization energy and the integrated spectral density of the bath. Possible applications include circuit QED and molecular nanomagnets.
We propose a scheme to implement quantum information transfer between Cooper-pair boxes (CPBs) in a circuit quantum electrodynamic (QED) system with Landau—Zener tunneling. The system consists of two CPB qubits and a one-dimensional transmission line resonator (TLR). By analytically solving the eigenequation and numerically calculating the transition probability, the results show the quantum state transfer from one qubit to another via a fast adiabatic passage. The coupling mechanism is robust against decoherence effects.
A nonperturbative treatment, the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variation is employed to examine dynamics of the Landau-Zener model with both diagonal and off-diagonal qubit-bath coupling using the multiple Davydov trial states. It is shown that steady-state transition probabilities agree with analytical predictions at long times. Landau-Zener dynamics at intermediate times is little affected by diagonal coupling, and is found to be determined by off-diagonal coupling and tunneling between two diabatic states. We investigate effects of bath spectral densities, coupling strengths, and interaction angles on Laudau-Zener dynamics. Thanks to the multiple Davydov trial states, detailed boson dynamics can also be analyzed in Landau-Zener transitions. The results presented here may help provide guiding principles to manipulate the Laudau-Zener transitions in circuit QED architectures by tuning off-diagonal coupling and tunneling strength.
We demonstrate quantum control and entanglement generation using a Landau-Zener beam splitter formed by coupling two transmon qubits to a superconducting cavity. Single passage through the cavity-mediated qubit-qubit avoided crossing provides a direct test of the Landau-Zener transition formula. Consecutive sweeps result in Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference patterns, with a visibility that can be sensitively tuned by adjusting the level velocity through both the nonadiabatic and adiabatic regimes. Two-qubit state tomography indicates that a Bell state can be generated via a single passage, with a fidelity of 78% limited by qubit relaxation.