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arXiv:1512.03820 · Physical Review Applied

Narrow-Linewidth Homogeneous Optical Emitters in Diamond Nanostructures via Silicon Ion Implantation

Ruffin E. Evans, Alp Sipahigil, Denis D. Sukachev, Alexander S. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published Apr 18, 2016• 185 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Color centers in diamond provide a promising platform for quantum optics in the solid state, but often their desirable properties are spoiled when they are incorporated into actual devices. The authors demonstrate a simple technique to create centers with uniformly high-quality optical properties, even inside nanoscale devices. Their method may well open the gates for quantum information processing based on this type of hardware.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.5.044010

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Color centers in diamond provide a promising platform for quantum optics in the solid state, but often their desirable properties are spoiled when they are incorporated into actual devices. The authors demonstrate a simple technique to create centers with uniformly high-quality optical properties, even inside nanoscale devices. Their method may well open the gates for quantum information processing based on this type of hardware.
Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond are gaining an increased interest for application, such as in quantum technologies and sensing. Due to the strong luminescence concentrated in its sharp zero-phonon line at room temperature, SiV centers are being investigated as single-photon sources for quantum communication, and also as temperature probes for sensing. Here, we discussed strategies for the fabrication of SiV centers in diamond based on Si-ion implantation followed by thermal activation. SiV color centers in high-quality single crystals have the best optical properties, but polycrystalline micro and nanostructures are interesting for applications in nano-optics. Moreover, we discuss the photoluminescence properties of SiV centers in phosphorous-doped diamond, which are relevant for the creation of electroluminescent devices, and nanophotonics strategies to improve the emission characteristics of the SiV centers. Finally, the optical properties of such centers at room and high temperatures show the robustness of the center and give perspectives for temperature-sensing applications.
Quantum photonics platforms hold considerable potential for the rapid development and deployment of quantum information and computing technologies. Color centers in diamond, such as silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers, have numerous attractive properties for such applications, including high brightness, narrow zero-phonon line (ZPL) linewidths at 737nm, and stable single-photon emission insusceptible to electric field fluctuations [1]. Color centers in photonic diamond nanostructures have been demonstrated recently [2], but their fabrication is challenging and requires sophisticated techniques and equipment.
Nanodiamonds containing color centers have been attracting attention as a hybrid system with nanophotonic devices to realize photonic quantum information devices such as highly efficient single photon sources. In various color centers, silicon vacancy (SiV) centers are especially interesting because of high photo-stability, high brightness, high Debye-Waller factor (about 70%), and lifetime-limited fluorescence linewidth. The nanodiamonds containing SiV centers have been usually fabricated by milling large nanodiamonds with SiV centers, which are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, this milling method has an issue with the production yield. Here, we report on the fabrication of SiV centers inside nanodiamonds by direct implantation of Si ions, which allows the creation at a high production yield due to no requirement of the milling process. By implanting Si ions into nanodiamonds (median size of 25 nm), we fabricate SiV centers exhibiting a narrow linewidth of about 7 nm at room temperature. This linewidth is more than twice as narrow as previous reports on the implantation of Si ions into nanodiamonds.
Group IV color centers in diamond have garnered great interest for their potential as optically active solid-state spin qubits. The future utilization of such emitters requires the development of precise site-controlled emitter generation techniques that are compatible with high-quality nanophotonic devices. This task is more challenging for color centers with large group IV impurity atoms, which are otherwise promising because of their predicted long spin coherence times without a dilution refrigerator. For example, when applied to the negatively charged tin-vacancy (SnV – ) center, conventional site-controlled color center generation methods either damage the diamond surface or yield bulk spectra with unexplained features. Here we demonstrate a novel method to generate site-controlled SnV – centers with clean bulk spectra. We shallowly implant Sn ions through a thin implantation mask and subsequently grow a layer of diamond via chemical vapor deposition. This method can be extended to other color centers and integrated with quantum nanophotonic device fabrication.
Abstract Diamond color centers have been widely studied in the field of quantum optics. The negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV − ) center exhibits a narrow emission linewidth at the wavelength of 738 nm, a high Debye–Waller factor, and unique spin properties, making it a promising emitter for quantum information technologies, biological imaging, and sensing. In particular, nanodiamond (ND)‐based SiV − centers can be heterogeneously integrated with plasmonic and photonic nanostructures and serve as in vivo biomarkers and intracellular thermometers. Out of all methods to produce NDs with SiV − centers, ion implantation offers the unique potential to create controllable numbers of color centers in preselected individual NDs. However, the formation of single color centers in NDs with this technique has not been realized. We report the creation of single SiV − centers featuring stable high‐purity single‐photon emission through Si implantation into NDs with an average size of ∼20 nm. We observe room temperature emission, with zero‐phonon line wavelengths in the range of 730–800 nm and linewidths below 10 nm. Our results offer new opportunities for the controlled production of group‐IV diamond color centers with applications in quantum photonics, sensing, and biomedicine.