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arXiv:1511.09098 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Frequency shifts of radiating particles moving in EIT metamaterial

Sylwia Zielińska‐Raczyńska, David Ziemkiewicz

Published Feb 19, 2016• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider the frequency shifts of particles moving in metamaterials exhibiting the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The dramatic change of the material dispersion due to the EIT influences the conditions for signal propagation in the medium and has a significant impact on the Doppler effect, possibly leading to the optical control over this phenomenon. The dependence of the Doppler shift to the source frequency and velocity and radiation spectra on external parameters is examined. It was found that for source frequencies fitting a transparency window for a particular range of source velocities cutoffs appear, i.e., the radiation is not emitted. The analysis of cutoff dependence on the character of medium dispersion brings to light their physical interpretation. Our theoretical findings are proved analytically and confirmed by numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method.

DOI
10.1364/josab.33.000412

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 3, 2016•0 citations
We consider the frequency shifts of particles moving in metamaterials exhibiting the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The dramatic change of the material dispersion due to the EIT influences the conditions for signal propagation in the medium and has a significant impact on the Doppler effect, possibly leading to the optical control over this phenomenon. The dependence of the Doppler shift to the source frequency and velocity and radiation spectra on external parameters is examined. It was found that for source frequencies fitting a transparency window for a particular range of source velocities cutoffs appear, i.e., the radiation is not emitted. The analysis of cutoff dependence on the character of medium dispersion brings to light their physical interpretation. Our theoretical findings are proved analytically and confirmed by numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method.
The influence of a phase-modulated control field on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated theoretically. We show that the phase modulation changes the dispersive properties of the medium considerably since it results in temporal oscillations of the transparency window in frequency space. This is in marked contrast to the standard EIT setup, where the transparency window is fixed and determined by the two-photon resonance condition. In particular, we find that the phase modulation enables the propagation of probe pulses with disjoint frequency spectra at different times and allows the shifting of the central frequency of a probe pulse almost without distortion of its shape. We employ the time-dependent susceptibility of the medium to explain and analyze our results and demonstrate that this concept yields qualitative as well as quantitative agreement with the numerical integration of Maxwell-Bloch equations. Our theoretical model can be applied to other media with time-dependent susceptibilities.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) stems from a quantum system, where an opaque atomic medium appears the narrow transparent state within a wide absorption area. This phenomenon can be achieved by quantum interference of pumping light and detecting light at different energy levels of transitions. In the generation process of EIT effect, in addition to transparent state, the atomic medium is usually accompanied with a strong dispersion effect, which will bright about a significant reduction of light velocity, thus realizing many important applications, such as slow light propagations. Although the EIT effect has many important applications, its application scenarios are greatly limited due to the fact that EIT realization usually requires specific and complicated conditions, such as refrigeration temperature, high intensity laser, etc. Recently, the analogue of EIT effect in metamaterial has attracted increasing attentions due to its advantages such as controllable room temperature and large operating bandwidth. Metamaterial analogue of EIT effect has become a new research focus. In this article, we review current research progresses on EIT metamaterials. Firstly, we describe the theoretical models for analyzing EIT metamaterials, including the mechanical oscillator model and the equivalent circuit model. Then, we describe the simulations, designs and experiments of passive EIT metamaterials with fixed structures and active EIT metamaterials with tunable elements. Furthermore, the applications of EIT metamaterials in the areas of slow lights, sensings, absorptions and other fields are also reviewed. Finally, the possible directions and key issues of future EIT metamaterial researches are prospected.
This thesis investigates the result of modulation schemes in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium vapor. Through the process of EIT, a control beam can be used to change the optical properties of a medium experienced by a probe field, generating a transparency window. The corresponding change in index of refraction results in slowed group velocity while the beam propagates through the medium. Modulation is used to transmit a message signal through a medium. In classical systems, this entails converting data into a radio frequency by adding a message to an electronic or optical carrier signal. The properties of EIT, light-slowing, and their impacts on a probe pulse with modulation will be confirmed through a detailed semi-classical analysis and by experimental observation.
In the present paper we have discussed in detail electromagnetically induced transparency and signal storing in the case of one signal pulse propagating in a classical electric medium resembles this of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration. Our theoretical results confirm recently observed dependence of transparency windows position on coupling parameters. In the process of storing, the pulse energy is confined inside the metamaterial as electric charge oscillations, and after required time it is possible to switch the control fields on again and to release the trapped signal. By manipulating the driving fields, one can thus control the parameters of the released signal and even to divide it on demand into arbitrary parts.
We theoretically investigate the classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a planar metamaterial at optical frequency, which originates from destructive and constructive interference between dark and radiative elements.The metamaterial consists of two coupled resonators with different geometries.An EIT-like transparent window with low absorption is observed and found to be strongly affected by resonant states of the resonators.The transition between the EIT and EIA is achieved by changing the split width and coupling distance.The absorption is enhanced up to 2.5 times compared with the dipolar case.The excitation of the dark mode is very important for EIT-and EIA-like responses of the proposed metamaterial.The EIT and EIA phenomena offer a potential method for manipulating electromagnetic response in metamaterial-based devices.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a significant nonlinear optical phenomenon. Based on the theory of density matrix equation, we presented the influence of Doppler effect on EIT. A cascade type three-level system and Na atomic vapor is adopted during the course. The results showed that EIT is determined by Rabi frequency of the couple and probing field. It is independent of temperature usually. But when we take Doppler effect into account, it is found that the full transparency appeared at the condition of ΩP=0.01GHz, ΩC=1GHz will vary with temperature. An obvious transparent window can be observed only when the temperature is less than 50K. With the increase of temperature, EIT phenomenon disappeared quickly. At room temperature, we can see that the double peaks of Aulter-Townes will instead of the EIT transparent window as Rabi frequency of the couple field is larger than 1.5GHz.