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arXiv:1506.09094 · Atoms

Cavity-Assisted Generation of Sustainable Macroscopic Entanglement of Ultracold Gases

Chaitanya Joshi, Jonas Larson

Published Aug 4, 2015• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose–Einstein condensates are outlined. The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that illuminates the atoms, such that photons can scatter into the cavity. In the superradiant phase, a cavity field is established, and we show that the emerging cavity-mediated interactions between the two condensates is capable of entangling them despite photon losses. This macroscopic atomic entanglement is sustained throughout the time-evolution apart from occasions of sudden deaths/births. Using an auxiliary photon mode and coupling it to a collective quadrature of the two condensates, we demonstrate that the auxiliary mode’s squeezing is proportional to the atomic entanglement, and as such, it can serve as a probe field of the macroscopic entanglement.

DOI
10.3390/atoms3030348

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Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose–Einstein condensates are outlined. The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that illuminates the atoms, such that photons can scatter into the cavity. In the superradiant phase, a cavity field is established, and we show that the emerging cavity-mediated interactions between the two condensates is capable of entangling them despite photon losses. This macroscopic atomic entanglement is sustained throughout the time-evolution apart from occasions of sudden deaths/births. Using an auxiliary photon mode and coupling it to a collective quadrature of the two condensates, we demonstrate that the auxiliary mode’s squeezing is proportional to the atomic entanglement, and as such, it can serve as a probe field of the macroscopic entanglement.
Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are outlined. The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that illuminates the atoms, such that photons can scatter into the cavity. In the superradiant phase, a cavity field is established, and we show that the emerging cavity-mediated interactions between the two condensates is capable of entangling them despite photon losses. This macroscopic atomic entanglement is sustained throughout the time-evolution apart from occasions of sudden deaths/births. Using an auxiliary photon mode and coupling it to a collective quadrature of the two condensates, we demonstrate that the auxiliary mode's squeezing is proportional to the atomic entanglement, and as such, it can serve as a probe field of the macroscopic entanglement.
We propose a method to generate entangled light with a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a cavity, a system realized in recent experiments. The atoms of the condensate are trapped in a periodic potential generated by a cavity mode. The condensate is continuously pumped by a laser and spontaneously emits a pair of photons of different frequencies in two distinct cavity modes. In this way, the condensate mediates entanglement between two cavity modes, which leak out and can be separated and exhibit continuous variable entanglement. The scheme exploits the experimentally demonstrated strong, steady and collective coupling of condensate atoms to a cavity field.
We propose a method to generate entangled light with a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a cavity, a system realized in recent experiments. The atoms of the condensate are trapped in a periodic potential generated by a cavity mode. The condensate is continuously pumped by a laser and spontaneously emits a pair of photons of different frequencies in two distinct cavity modes. In this way, the condensate mediates entanglement between two cavity modes, which leak out and can be separated and exhibit continuous variable entanglement. The scheme exploits the experimentally demonstrated strong, steady and collective coupling of condensate atoms to a cavity field.
Ultracold atoms coupled to optical cavities offer a powerful platform for studying strongly correlated many-body physics. Here, we propose an experimental scheme for creating biatomic molecules via cavity-enhanced photoassociation from an atomic condensate. This setup realizes long-range three-body interactions mediated by tripartite cavity-atom-molecule coupling. Beyond a critical pump strength, a self-organized square lattice phase for molecular condensate emerges, resulting in hybrid atom-molecule superradiance with spontaneous U(1)U(1)U(1) symmetry breaking. Distinct from previously observed ultracold bosonic (fermionic) atomic superradiance, our findings demonstrate bosonic enhancement characterized by a cubic scaling of steady-state photon number with total atom number. Additionally, strong photon-matter entanglement is shown to effectively characterize superradiant quantum phase transition. Our findings deepen the understanding of quantum superchemistry and exotic many-body nonequilibrium dynamics in cavity-coupled quantum gases.
This dissertation contains a study of ultracold atoms in optical cavities. We particularly focus on two aspects of the coupled atom-cavity systems. In the first aspect, we implement the quantum nature of the light field to probe the quantum state of the atoms. This is interesting due to the nondestructive nature of the characterization of many-body atomic states. In the second aspect we study the cavity optomechanics that investigates the coupling of mechanical and optical degrees of freedom via radiation pressure. The optomechanical cavity provides an interesting nonlinear system to study the coupling between atoms and the intracavity field.In the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics we study the reflection of two counter-propagating modes of the light field in a high-Q ring cavity by ultracold atoms either in the Mott insulator state or in the superfluid state of an optical lattice. We find that the dynamics of the reflected light strongly depends on both the lattice spacing and the state of the matter-wave field. By using the Monte Carlo wave-function method to account for the cavity damping we also determine the two-time correlation function and the time-dependent physical spectrum of theretroreflected field. We find that the light field and the atoms become entangled if the latter are in a superfluid state. We also analyze quantitatively the entanglement between the atoms and the light.In cavity optomechanics the mechanical effect can either comes from a vibrating macroscopic oscillator or a collective density excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. First we use a Fabry-Perot-type cavity to study the opto-mechanically-induced bistable quantum phase transitions between superfluid and a Mott insulator states of an ultracold bosonic gases trapped inside the cavity. Secondly, we study the symmetricand antisymmetric collective density side modes of the BEC which results from the optomechanical effects of the light fields in a ring cavity.
We consider the model of a weakly driven optical cavity containing two clouds of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). Nonclassical photon correlations and correlations between the two atomic BECs are investigated under different cavity conditions including strong atom-field coupling and bad cavity regime. We show that the nonlinear interatom collisional interactions in BEC leads to a significant loss of cavity light coherence. Various types of nonclassical properties are investigated such as sub-Poissonian statistics, antibunching and entanglement. We show that the entanglement can be generated between BECs and the cavity field. The time evolution of entanglement is also numerically studied.