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arXiv:1505.03268 · Physical Review B

Population transfer in a Lambda system induced by detunings

P. G. Di Stefano, Elisabetta Paladino, Antonio D’Arrigo, G. Falci

Published Jun 10, 2015• 35 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve coherent population transfer between two states in a three-level atom by using two ac fields. It is based on the physics of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), but it is implemented with the constraint of a reduced control, namely, one of the fields cannot be switched off. A combination of frequency chirps is used with resonant fields, allowing us to achieve approximate destructive interference, despite the fact that an exact dark state does not exist. This chirped STIRAP protocol is tailored for applications to artificial atoms, where architectures with several elementary units can be strongly coupled but where the possibility of switching on and off such couplings is often very limited. Demonstration of this protocol would be a benchmark for the implementation of a class of multilevel advanced control procedures for quantum computation and microwave quantum photonics in artificial atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.91.224506

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In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve coherent population transfer between two states in a three-level atom by using two ac fields. It is based on the physics of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), but it is implemented with the constraint of a reduced control, namely, one of the fields cannot be switched off. A combination of frequency chirps is used with resonant fields, allowing us to achieve approximate destructive interference, despite the fact that an exact dark state does not exist. This chirped STIRAP protocol is tailored for applications to artificial atoms, where architectures with several elementary units can be strongly coupled but where the possibility of switching on and off such couplings is often very limited. Demonstration of this protocol would be a benchmark for the implementation of a class of multilevel advanced control procedures for quantum computation and microwave quantum photonics in artificial atoms.
We propose a protocol for the manipulation of a three-level artificial atom in Lambda ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$) configuration. It allows faithful, selective and robust population transfer analogous to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-STIRAP), in last-generation superconducting artificial atoms, where protection from noise implies the absence of a direct pump coupling. It combines the use of a two-photon pump pulse with suitable advanced control, operated by a slow modulation of the phase of the external fields, leveraging on the stability of semiclassical microwave drives. This protocol is a building block for manipulation of microwave photons in complex quantum architectures. Its demonstration would be a benchmark for the implementation of a class of multilevel advanced control procedures for quantum computation and microwave quantum photonics in systems based on artificial atoms.
We investigate collective chirped stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a pair of identical three-level atoms using a symmetric six-state model. Numerical simulations reveal a pronounced oscillatory dependence of the population transfer to the doubly excited Rydberg state on the peak Rabi frequency, indicating dynamics beyond the conventional single-dark-state description of STIRAP. To identify the underlying mechanism, we develop a dressed-manifold description based on gauge-invariant projections onto nearly degenerate instantaneous dressed manifolds. The analysis demonstrates that the wavefunction remains predominantly confined to a two-dimensional dark manifold while becoming transiently coupled to a neighboring bright manifold during the pulse-overlap interval. We further show that in the dressed-manifold representation, the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction modifies the collective resonance structure while preserving the dark-bright manifold dynamics responsible for the oscillatory transfer; an appropriately chosen frequency chirp compensates the interaction-induced detuning and restores efficient population transfer. This dressed-manifold picture provides a consistent interpretation of oscillatory collective transfer and establishes a framework for controlling adiabatic dynamics in interacting multilevel systems by linearly chirped STIRAP, opening a route toward manifold-based control of Rydberg-mediated quantum gates, correlated-state preparation, and other coherent operations in interacting atomic systems.
We propose the use of the Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) method to induce a complete population transfer in a nonlinear three-level Λ-type system (nl-SCRAP). We also use the nl-SCRAP method for creating stable diatomic ground molecular Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) from atomic BECs. In this three-laser technique the pump and Stokes pulses are slightly detuned from transition frequencies, and a third strong hyperbolic-tangent laser pulse induces dynamic Stark shifts of the relevant transitions and compensates for third-order nonlinearities. If the timing of the three pulses is appropriately chosen, the nonlinear quantum system is prepared to almost complete population inversion between the two lower states in the Λ-like scheme. The paper shows that the efficiency of the nl-SCRAP is higher than the nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (nl-STIRAP) technique, and this method can be used in one-photon as well as multi-photon transitions. The transfer process is robust concerning fluctuations of experimental parameters, such as peak Rabi frequencies, the time delay between pulses, and static detunings.
Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.
Coherent stimulated Raman adiabatic passages (STIRAP) based on a dark state have many applications in diverse quantum systems. In the case of large single-photon detuning in three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems, one of the bright states almost does not involve the excited state and then acts as the dark state. In this paper, we report the experimental observation of STIRAP based on the dark state, as well as b-STIRAP based on the above bright state, with the same transfer efficiency in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ cold atomic ensemble. Moreover, both STIRAP and b-STIRAP are found to be immune to the time-varying ac Stark shift. As for a typical example to manipulate a superposition state, we realize an inverse operation on an initial superposition state, which cannot be achieved efficiently for STIRAP based on only the dark state. Our observed double STIRAP thus provides a feasible and robust manner to manipulate quantum states.
Achieving high-fidelity quantum state engineering is pivotal for quantum technology applications. This work investigates the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) protocol in a three-level Λ\LambdaΛ-system to demonstrate robust and near-perfect population transfer (∣1⟩→∣2⟩\ket{1} \to \ket{2}∣1⟩→∣2⟩). The system evolution is rigorously modeled using the \textbf{Lindblad Master Equation} to account for realistic open quantum dynamics, specifically spontaneous decay from the intermediate state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩. We show that the \textbf{adiabatic evolution} through the Dark State, which is orthogonal to the decaying state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩, guarantees immunity to this dissipation, achieving fidelities >0.99> 0.99>0.99. Furthermore, we analyze the protocol's resilience, mapping the fidelity landscape in the parameter space and confirming STIRAP's intrinsic robustness against control amplitude variations. This study demonstrates the efficacy and practical viability of STIRAP as a robust method for coherent population transfer in realistic noisy quantum devices.