Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Experimental observation of double coherent stimulated Raman adiabatic passages in three-level Λ systems in a cold atomic ensemble

Yan-Xiong Du, Zhengtao Liang, Wei Huang, Hui Yan, Shi-Liang Zhu

Published Aug 13, 2014• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent stimulated Raman adiabatic passages (STIRAP) based on a dark state have many applications in diverse quantum systems. In the case of large single-photon detuning in three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems, one of the bright states almost does not involve the excited state and then acts as the dark state. In this paper, we report the experimental observation of STIRAP based on the dark state, as well as b-STIRAP based on the above bright state, with the same transfer efficiency in a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ cold atomic ensemble. Moreover, both STIRAP and b-STIRAP are found to be immune to the time-varying ac Stark shift. As for a typical example to manipulate a superposition state, we realize an inverse operation on an initial superposition state, which cannot be achieved efficiently for STIRAP based on only the dark state. Our observed double STIRAP thus provides a feasible and robust manner to manipulate quantum states.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.023821

Related papers

Robust switching of superposition-states via a coherent double stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Luyao Yan, Dandan Ma, Dongmin Yu +1 more

Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.

arXiv:1811.00179•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 12, 2018•1 citation

Robust two-state swap by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Genko T. Genov, Simon Rochester, Marcis P. Auzinsh +2 more

Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.

arXiv:2212.14371•Dec 29, 2022•0 citations

Robust Quantum Control via the Dark State: Adiabatic Population Engineering in a Three-Level Λ System

ROSARIO LIZETH ALDAVA ASENCIOS, Pedro Esteban Fidel Rojas Fernández, TEOFILO VARGAS AUCCALLA +1 more

Achieving high-fidelity quantum state engineering is pivotal for quantum technology applications. This work investigates the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) protocol in a three-level $\Lambda$-system to demonstrate robust and near-perfect population transfer ($\ket{1} \to \ket{2}$). The system evolution is rigorously modeled using the \textbf{Lindblad Master Equation} to account for realistic open quantum dynamics, specifically spontaneous decay from the intermediate state $\ket{3}$. We show that the \textbf{adiabatic evolution} through the Dark State, which is orthogonal to the decaying state $\ket{3}$, guarantees immunity to this dissipation, achieving fidelities $> 0.99$. Furthermore, we analyze the protocol's resilience, mapping the fidelity landscape in the parameter space and confirming STIRAP's intrinsic robustness against control amplitude variations. This study demonstrates the efficacy and practical viability of STIRAP as a robust method for coherent population transfer in realistic noisy quantum devices.

•Dec 16, 2025•0 citations

Robust two-state swap by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage

Genko T. Genov, Simon Rochester, Marcis P. Auzinsh +2 more

Abstract Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jan 9, 2023•9 citations

Population transfer in a Lambda system induced by detunings

P. G. Di Stefano, Elisabetta Paladino, Antonio D’Arrigo +1 more

In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve coherent population transfer between two states in a three-level atom by using two ac fields. It is based on the physics of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), but it is implemented with the constraint of a reduced control, namely, one of the fields cannot be switched off. A combination of frequency chirps is used with resonant fields, allowing us to achieve approximate destructive interference, despite the fact that an exact dark state does not exist. This chirped STIRAP protocol is tailored for applications to artificial atoms, where architectures with several elementary units can be strongly coupled but where the possibility of switching on and off such couplings is often very limited. Demonstration of this protocol would be a benchmark for the implementation of a class of multilevel advanced control procedures for quantum computation and microwave quantum photonics in artificial atoms.

arXiv:1505.03268•Physical Review B•Jun 10, 2015•35 citations

Influence of Unequal Oscillator Strenghts on Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage through Bright State

Levon Chakhmakhchyan, G. G. Grigoryan, Claude Leroy +3 more

The problem of the coherent control of atomic states, preparation of atoms in a stable superposition state, and atomic population transfer has attracted much attention in the last decade. One of the main motivations is associated with the rapid development of the field of quantum computing. One of the key problems of quantum information processing is the construction of given coherent superposition atomic states in a macroscopic volume. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) [1] is considered to be the most common method for atomic population transfer in quantum systems. Being analyzed in detail on various quantum systems from both theoretical and experimental points of view, this method is widely adopted for the implementation of tools as optical devices for atomic beams, control of chemical reactions, high-precision magnetometry, atom cooling, etc. Meanwhile, an alternative method for population transfer, based on the intuitive pulse sequence with large one-photon detunings was demonstrated in [2]. In contrast with the STIRAP method, where the population transfer is realized via a dark state, the population transfer for the intuitive pulse sequence is obtained via a bright state. The authors of [2] called the atomic population transfer of this kind b-STIRAP. A detailed theoretical analysis of the b-STIRAP process in media with equal oscillator strength on adjacent transitions was performed in [3]. However, it is well-known that an oscillator strengths ratio different from unity can considerably impact on the coherent processes in Λ-media (see e.g. [4]). In the present work an analytical and numerical analysis of the b-STIRAP process in a medium with unequal oscillator strengths is performed. It is shown that the length of population transfer can be considerably increased by an appropriate choice of the dipole transitions. 1. N.V.Vitanov, B.W.Shore,K.Bergman, Adv. Atom.,Mol, Optical Physics, 46, 55-190, (2001). 2. J.Klein, F.Beil, Th.Halfmann, , Phys.Rev.Lett. 99,113003 (2007) 3. G.G. Grigoryan, G. Nikoghosyan, T. Halfmann, Y.T. Pashayan-Leroy, C. Leroy, S.Guerin, Phys.Rev. A 80, 033402 (2009) 4. G.G.Grigoryan, Y.Pashayan, Propagation of pulses in a three-level medium at exact two-photon resonance. Phys.Rev. A 64, 013816, 2001

•Oct 11, 2011•0 citations
Coherent stimulated Raman adiabatic passages (STIRAP) based on a dark state have many applications in diverse quantum systems. In the case of large single-photon detuning in three-level \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ systems, one of the bright states almost does not involve the excited state and then acts as the dark state. In this paper, we report the experimental observation of STIRAP based on the dark state, as well as b-STIRAP based on the above bright state, with the same transfer efficiency in a three-level \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ cold atomic ensemble. Moreover, both STIRAP and b-STIRAP are found to be immune to the time-varying ac Stark shift. As for a typical example to manipulate a superposition state, we realize an inverse operation on an initial superposition state, which cannot be achieved efficiently for STIRAP based on only the dark state. Our observed double STIRAP thus provides a feasible and robust manner to manipulate quantum states.
Coherent manipulation of quantum states is of crucial importance in accurate control of a quantum system. A fundamental goal is coherently transferring the population of a desired state with near-unit fidelity. For this purpose, we theoretically demonstrate a novel coherent double-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a three-level Λ-type system for realizing the switch of unequal initial preparations on two ground states. This operation uses a single optical pulse sequence accomplishing both bright-STIRAP and dark-STIRAP processes, in which the intermediate-level detuning and the pulse delay must be given an optimal adjustment. Besides, owing to the imperfection of double-STIRAP transition, the sensitivity of the switch fidelity with respect to the spontaneous loss from the intermediate state, to the pulse amplitude and to the population difference, is also discussed. This work suggests a simple and experimentally feasible all-optical approach to switch a superposition quantum state, serving as one-step closer to the goal of coherent manipulation of quantum systems.
Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.
Achieving high-fidelity quantum state engineering is pivotal for quantum technology applications. This work investigates the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) protocol in a three-level Λ\LambdaΛ-system to demonstrate robust and near-perfect population transfer (∣1⟩→∣2⟩\ket{1} \to \ket{2}∣1⟩→∣2⟩). The system evolution is rigorously modeled using the \textbf{Lindblad Master Equation} to account for realistic open quantum dynamics, specifically spontaneous decay from the intermediate state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩. We show that the \textbf{adiabatic evolution} through the Dark State, which is orthogonal to the decaying state ∣3⟩\ket{3}∣3⟩, guarantees immunity to this dissipation, achieving fidelities >0.99> 0.99>0.99. Furthermore, we analyze the protocol's resilience, mapping the fidelity landscape in the parameter space and confirming STIRAP's intrinsic robustness against control amplitude variations. This study demonstrates the efficacy and practical viability of STIRAP as a robust method for coherent population transfer in realistic noisy quantum devices.
Abstract Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.
In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve coherent population transfer between two states in a three-level atom by using two ac fields. It is based on the physics of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), but it is implemented with the constraint of a reduced control, namely, one of the fields cannot be switched off. A combination of frequency chirps is used with resonant fields, allowing us to achieve approximate destructive interference, despite the fact that an exact dark state does not exist. This chirped STIRAP protocol is tailored for applications to artificial atoms, where architectures with several elementary units can be strongly coupled but where the possibility of switching on and off such couplings is often very limited. Demonstration of this protocol would be a benchmark for the implementation of a class of multilevel advanced control procedures for quantum computation and microwave quantum photonics in artificial atoms.
The problem of the coherent control of atomic states, preparation of atoms in a stable superposition state, and atomic population transfer has attracted much attention in the last decade. One of the main motivations is associated with the rapid development of the field of quantum computing. One of the key problems of quantum information processing is the construction of given coherent superposition atomic states in a macroscopic volume. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) [1] is considered to be the most common method for atomic population transfer in quantum systems. Being analyzed in detail on various quantum systems from both theoretical and experimental points of view, this method is widely adopted for the implementation of tools as optical devices for atomic beams, control of chemical reactions, high-precision magnetometry, atom cooling, etc. Meanwhile, an alternative method for population transfer, based on the intuitive pulse sequence with large one-photon detunings was demonstrated in [2]. In contrast with the STIRAP method, where the population transfer is realized via a dark state, the population transfer for the intuitive pulse sequence is obtained via a bright state. The authors of [2] called the atomic population transfer of this kind b-STIRAP. A detailed theoretical analysis of the b-STIRAP process in media with equal oscillator strength on adjacent transitions was performed in [3]. However, it is well-known that an oscillator strengths ratio different from unity can considerably impact on the coherent processes in Λ-media (see e.g. [4]). In the present work an analytical and numerical analysis of the b-STIRAP process in a medium with unequal oscillator strengths is performed. It is shown that the length of population transfer can be considerably increased by an appropriate choice of the dipole transitions. 1. N.V.Vitanov, B.W.Shore,K.Bergman, Adv. Atom.,Mol, Optical Physics, 46, 55-190, (2001). 2. J.Klein, F.Beil, Th.Halfmann, , Phys.Rev.Lett. 99,113003 (2007) 3. G.G. Grigoryan, G. Nikoghosyan, T. Halfmann, Y.T. Pashayan-Leroy, C. Leroy, S.Guerin, Phys.Rev. A 80, 033402 (2009) 4. G.G.Grigoryan, Y.Pashayan, Propagation of pulses in a three-level medium at exact two-photon resonance. Phys.Rev. A 64, 013816, 2001