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arXiv:1505.01719

Faraday Filtering on the Cs-D$_1$-Line for Quantum Hybrid Systems

Matthias Widmann, Simone Luca Portalupi, Sang‐Yun Lee, Peter Michler, Jörg Wrachtrup, Ilja Gerhardt

Published May 7, 2015• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Narrow-band filtering of light is widely used in optical spectroscopy. Atomic filters, which rely on the Faraday effect, allow for GHz-wide transmission spectra, which are intrinsically matched to an atomic transition. We present an experimental realization and a theoretical study of a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) based on cesium and its D$_1$-line-transition ($6^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow6^2P_{1/2}$) around 894nm. We also present the prospects and visions for combining this filter with the single photon emission of a single quantum dot (QD), which matches with the atomic transition.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1505.01719

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Faraday Filtering on the Cs-D1_11​-Line for Quantum Hybrid Systems
Narrow-band filtering of light is widely used in optical spectroscopy. Atomic filters, which rely on the Faraday effect, allow for GHz-wide transmission spectra, which are intrinsically matched to an atomic transition. We present an experimental realization and a theoretical study of a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) based on cesium and its D1_11​-line-transition (62S1/2→62P1/26^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow6^2P_{1/2}62S1/2​→62P1/2​) around 894nm. We also present the prospects and visions for combining this filter with the single photon emission of a single quantum dot (QD), which matches with the atomic transition.
Narrow-band filtering of light is widely used in optical spectroscopy. Atomic filters, which rely on the Faraday effect, allow for GHz-wide transmission spectra, which are intrinsically matched to an atomic transition. We present an experimental realization and a theoretical study of a Faraday filter based on cesium and its D1-line-transition (62S1/2→ 62P1/2) around 894 nm. We also present the prospects and visions for combining this filter with the single photon emission of a single quantum dot, which matches with the atomic transition. The option to lock the spectral position of a quantum dot is discussed at the end of this letter.
Abstract A narrow linewidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with reflection configuration is achieved for the first time based on the cesium (Cs) ground state 6S1/2 to the excited state 6P3/2 transition at 852 nm. Compared with the conventional FADOF with transmission configuration, reflection-type FADOF can greatly improve the transmittance of optical filter under the same experimental parameters, because it allows signal light to go and return through the atomic vapor cell. In our experiment, peak transmittance at Cs 6S1/2 F = 4–6P3/2 transition is 81% for the reflection-type FADOF, and while 54% for the transmission-type FADOF when the temperature of Cs vapor cell and the axial magnetic field are 60 °C and 19 G. The idea of this reflection-type FADOF design has the potential to be applied to the FADOF operating between two excited states to obtain higher transmittance.
We demonstrate a Cs FADOF (Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter) with a single transmission peak resonant with the 6S(1/2), F = 4 → 7P(3/2), F' = 3, 4, 5 transition at 455 nm. The filter achieves a single peak transmission of 86%. With the technique of saturated absorption spectra, we obtain the bandwidth of the single peak, which is 1.5 GHz. While most of other FADOFs operate at frequencies far from absorption, the filter we have realized can provide light exactly resonant with atomic transitions with a high transmission. We also find that, at a particular temperature, we can achieve a single transmission peak rather than many peaks far from absorption by changing the strength of magnetic field. This technique can also be applied to other alkali atoms.
We present a theoretical and experimental study of the ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating at the rubidium D1 line (795 nm). This atomic line gives better performance than other lines for the main FADOF figures of merit, e.g. simultaneously 71 % transmission, 445MHz bandwidth and 1.2GHz equivalent noise bandwidth. c © 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 020.1335, 010.3640 Ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filters are key el-ements in laser remote sensing (LIDAR), observa-tional astronomy, free-space communications and quan-tum optics. Relative to conventional interference fil-ters, FADOFs offer high background-rejection, mechani-cal robustness, imaging capability and high transmission. FADOFs have been developed for several alkali atom res-onances – Cs D2 [1] and 6S1/2 → 7P3/2 [2] lines, Rb D2 line [3, 4], K (three lines) [5], Na D lines [6], and for Ca [7]. We demonstrate a FADOF on the D1 line of Rb (wave-length 795 nm). This line, efficiently detected with Si detectors, accessible with a variety of laser technolo-gies, and with large hyperfine splittings, is a favorite for coherent and quantum optics with warm atomic va-pors. Applications include electromagnetically-induced transparency [8], stopped light [9], optical magnetom-etry [10, 11], laser oscillators [12], polarization squeez-ing [13, 14], quantum memory [15] and high-coherence heralded single photons [16,17]. Here we show that the Rb D1 line provides supe-rior FADOF performance. We demonstrate a FADOF surpassing other atoms and other Rb transitions for key figures of merit, including peak transmission Tmax, transmission bandwidth and equivalent noise bandwidth ENBW = T−1max T (ν)dν, where T (ν) is the filter trans-mission versus frequency ν [4].
Hybrid quantum systems are based on the capability to interface elements from complementary fields: only the best properties from all components are utilized, overcoming the limitation of each field. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are well established as sources of bright, pure and highly indistinguishable on-demand single photons. A crucial limitation is given by the relatively short coherence time. This can be overtaken by interfacing them to alkali atoms, which display a very long coherence time and will benefit from the superior properties of QD-based non-classical light sources. As one example of an efficient QD-to-atom interface, we recently demonstrated the filtering of two consecutive single photons generated from a resonantly excited QD by using a Cs-based Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). The Mollow triplet sidebands were tuned on resonance with the Cs-D1transition and simultaneously filtered with more than 10 % transmission. All other spectral components were suppressed below the noise level. In the present study, a Cs vapor was used to realize a variable optical delay. A resonantly excited QD is used as a source of on-demand single photons, frequency tuned in between the aforementioned Cs-D1 transition. An extensive study on the effects of vapor temperature on the achievable delay has been conducted using single photons with several different linewidth. A record delay of 28 ns was achieved for almost 100% of the transmitted photons. Autocorrelation measurements revealed that an almost ideal g(2)(0) ≈ 0 is preserved after the interaction with the atomic vapor.
Abstract Hybrid quantum systems integrating semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and atomic vapours become important building blocks for scalable quantum networks due to the complementary strengths of individual parts. QDs provide on-demand single-photon emission with near-unity indistinguishability comprising unprecedented brightness—while atomic vapour systems provide ultra-precise frequency standards and promise long coherence times for the storage of qubits. Spectral filtering is one of the key components for the successful link between QD photons and atoms. Here we present a tailored Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter based on the caesium-D1 transition for interfacing it with a resonantly pumped QD. The presented Faraday filter enables a narrow-bandwidth (Δω=2π × 1 GHz) simultaneous filtering of both Mollow triplet sidebands. This result opens the way to use QDs as sources of single as well as cascaded photons in photonic quantum networks aligned to the primary frequency standard of the caesium clock transition.