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arXiv:1502.03867 · Physical Review Letters

Coherent Heteronuclear Spin Dynamics in an Ultracold Spinor Mixture

Xiaoke Li, Bing Zhu, Xiaodong He, Fudong Wang, Mingyang Guo, Zhi-Fang Xu, Shizhong Zhang, Dajun Wang

Published Jun 25, 2015• 37 citations
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Abstract

We report the observation of coherent heteronuclear spin dynamics driven by interspecies spin-spin interaction in an ultracold spinor mixture, which manifests as periodical and well-correlated spin oscillations between two atomic species. In particular, we investigate the magnetic field dependence of the oscillations and find a resonance behavior which depends on both the linear and quadratic Zeeman effects and the spin-dependent interaction. We also demonstrate a unique knob for controlling the spin dynamics in the spinor mixture with species-dependent vector light shifts.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.114.255301

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We report the observation of coherent heteronuclear spin dynamics driven by interspecies spin-spin interaction in an ultracold spinor mixture, which manifests as periodical and well-correlated spin oscillations between two atomic species. In particular, we investigate the magnetic field dependence of the oscillations and find a resonance behavior which depends on both the linear and quadratic Zeeman effects and the spin-dependent interaction. We also demonstrate a unique knob for controlling the spin dynamics in the spinor mixture with species-dependent vector light shifts.
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We present the experimental observation of a magnetically tuned resonance phenomenon in the spin mixing dynamics of ultracold atomic gases. In particular, we study the magnetic field dependence of spin conversion in F=2 (87)Rb spinor condensates in the crossover from interaction dominated to quadratic Zeeman dominated dynamics. We discuss the observations in the framework of spin dynamics as well as matter wave four wave mixing. Furthermore, we show that the validity range of the single mode approximation for spin dynamics is significantly extended at high magnetic field.
We propose a general scheme for inducing resonant exchange between spins or pseudospins of unmatched levels via periodic driving. The basic idea is illustrated for a system of two heteronuclear atoms, for which analytical results are provided for the effective spin-exchange (SE) interaction strength. It is then applied to the mixture of 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms with a radio frequency or microwave field near resonant to the mismatched Zeeman level spacings. SE interaction engineered this way is applicable to ultracold quantum gas mixtures involving spinor Bose-Bose, Bose-Fermi, and Fermi-Fermi atoms.
In the mixture of ultracold spin-1 atoms of two different species A and B (e.g., 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na (A) and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb (B)), the interspecies singlet-pairing process ${\mathrm{A}}_{+1}+{\mathrm{B}}_{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}{\mathrm{A}}_{\ensuremath{-}1}+{\mathrm{B}}_{+1}$ can be induced by the spin-dependent interatomic interaction, where subscript $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ denotes the magnetic quantum number. Nevertheless, one cannot isolate this process from other spin-changing processes, which are usually much stronger, by tuning the bias real magnetic field. As a result, it is difficult to clearly observe the singlet-pairing process and precisely measure the corresponding interaction strength. In this work we propose to control the singlet-pairing process via combining the real magnetic field and a laser-induced species-dependent synthetic magnetic field. With our approach one can significantly enhance this process and simultaneously suppress all other spin-changing processes. We illustrate our approach for both a confined two-atom system and a binary mixture of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Our control scheme is helpful for the precise measurement of the weak singlet-pairing interaction strength and the entanglement generation of two different atoms.
We study the nonequilibrium coherent spin-mixing dynamics in ferromagnetic spin-1 and antiferromagnetic spin-2 thermal gases of ultracold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. Long-lasting spin population oscillations with magnetic-field-dependent resonances are observed in both cases. Our observations are well reproduced by Boltzmann equations of the Wigner distribution function. Compared to the equation of motion of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, the only difference here is a factor-of-2 increase in the spin-dependent interaction, which is confirmed directly in the spin-2 case by measuring the relation between the oscillation amplitude and the sample's density.
We report on the observation of interspecies Feshbach resonances in an ultracold, optically trapped mixture of Rb and Cs atoms. In a magnetic-field range up to 300 G we find 23 interspecies Feshbach resonances in the lowest spin channel and two resonances in a higher channel of the mixture. The extraordinarily rich Feshbach spectrum suggests the importance of different partial waves in both the open and closed channels of the scattering problem along with higher-order coupling mechanisms. Our results, on one hand, provide fundamental experimental input to characterize the Rb-Cs scattering properties and, on the other hand, identify possible starting points for the association of ultracold heteronuclear RbCs molecules.