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arXiv:1805.02310 · Physical Review A

Resonant spin exchange between heteronuclear atoms assisted by periodic driving

Junjie Chen, Zhi-Fang Xu, Li You

Published Aug 2, 2018• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a general scheme for inducing resonant exchange between spins or pseudospins of unmatched levels via periodic driving. The basic idea is illustrated for a system of two heteronuclear atoms, for which analytical results are provided for the effective spin-exchange (SE) interaction strength. It is then applied to the mixture of $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ and $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms with a radio frequency or microwave field near resonant to the mismatched Zeeman level spacings. SE interaction engineered this way is applicable to ultracold quantum gas mixtures involving spinor Bose-Bose, Bose-Fermi, and Fermi-Fermi atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.98.023601

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We propose a general scheme for inducing resonant exchange between spins or pseudospins of unmatched levels via periodic driving. The basic idea is illustrated for a system of two heteronuclear atoms, for which analytical results are provided for the effective spin-exchange (SE) interaction strength. It is then applied to the mixture of 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms with a radio frequency or microwave field near resonant to the mismatched Zeeman level spacings. SE interaction engineered this way is applicable to ultracold quantum gas mixtures involving spinor Bose-Bose, Bose-Fermi, and Fermi-Fermi atoms.
We report the observation of coherent heteronuclear spin dynamics driven by interspecies spin-spin interaction in an ultracold spinor mixture, which manifests as periodical and well-correlated spin oscillations between two atomic species. In particular, we investigate the magnetic field dependence of the oscillations and find a resonance behavior which depends on both the linear and quadratic Zeeman effects and the spin-dependent interaction. We also demonstrate a unique knob for controlling the spin dynamics in the spinor mixture with species-dependent vector light shifts.
We propose a type of Feshbach resonance occurring when two different ultracold atoms in their ground state undergo an sss-wave collision in the presence of a laser. The collisional levels of the atom pair are coupled by the laser to a rovibrational molecular level of the same electronic ground state: We name it a laser-assisted self-induced Feshbach resonance. This mechanism, valid for all heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures, is analyzed on the example of ultracold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 84Sr^{84}\mathrm{Sr}84Sr atoms for which the resonant laser frequency falls in the subterahertz range. The interspecies scattering length can be controlled with the laser frequency and intensity without atom loss. Moreover, chirping slowly, the frequency allows for the adiabatic formation of ultracold 87Rb84Sr^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{84}\mathrm{Sr}87Rb84Sr molecules in a manner very similar to a magnetic Feshbach resonance. A stimulated Raman adiabatic passage follows for stabilizing the molecules in their rovibronic ground state.
The heteronuclear atomic collision in the presence of a radio frequency (RF) electric field and a dc magnetic field is investigated theoretically by using the asymptotic bound state model. A RF field can be used to modify Feshbach resonance by choosing suitable intensity and frequency. The control mechanism is based on the interaction of the RF electric field with the instantaneous dipole moment of the collision atomic pair. We find an interesting phenomenon: the character exchange of the Feshbach resonances and resonance interference modulated by the RF field takes place in the ultracold collision of 6 Li and 40 K. This resonance interference may be used to modify the interactions in ultracold quantum gases.
This PhD tutorial article is a review of our experiments on heteronuclear quantum gas mixtures at the University of Hamburg. We introduce basic properties of trapped Fermi-Bose mixtures and demonstrate the achievement of large quantum degenerate mixtures of 40K and 87Rb. Using heteronuclear Feshbach resonances, we show how the heteronuclear interaction can be tuned, allowing us to induce phase separation and collapse for large repulsive and attractive interactions, respectively. We realize Fermi-Bose mixtures in 3D optical lattices as a novel quantum many-body system and study coherence properties of the mixture. Combining our experiments on lattices and Feshbach resonances, we present the first realization of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. The molecules are created at individual sites of a 3D optical lattice. We discuss lifetime, binding energy and rf association efficiency in terms of a universal model and give an outlook for possible future developments.
We investigate the effect of periodic driving by an external field on systems with attractive pairing interactions. These include spin systems (such as the ferromagnetic XXZXXZXXZ model) as well as ultracold fermionic atoms described by the attractive Hubbard model. We show that a well-known phenomenon seen in periodically driven systems---the renormalization of the exchange coupling strength---acts selectively on bound pairs of spins (atoms), relative to magnon (bare atom) states. Thus one can control the direction and speed of transport of bound pair relative to magnon (unpaired) atom states, and thus coherently achieve spatial separation of these components. Applications to recent experiments on transport with fermionic atoms in optical lattices which consist of mixtures of bound pairs and bare atoms are discussed.
Periodic driving plays a central role in quantum control, but its application in interacting spin systems is often restricted to near-resonant conditions, where standard averaging techniques remain valid. Here we investigate how detuning from resonance can be used to dynamically spin-lock a dipolar-coupled ensemble. We show that the combination of offset and pulse structure generates an effective Rabi field with sharply structured amplitude and tilt. This behavior - supported by a semi-analytical framework, numerical simulations and experiment - enables new approaches to many-body system control, here exemplified via offset-induced reversible interconversion of Zeeman and dipolar order, and heterospin polarization transfer away from rf-field matching conditions. Further, we leverage artificial-intelligence-assisted sequence design to explore regimes with long control cycles - where average Hamiltonian theory breaks down, but effective locking persists - opening pathways to rich offset-dependent responses. These findings position offset-enabled dynamic locking as a promising tool for quantum sensing, energy transfer, and spin-order manipulation beyond traditional approaches.