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arXiv:2005.06098 · Physical Review A

Manipulation of heteronuclear spin dynamics with microwave and vector light shift

Lintao Li, Bing Zhu, Bo Lü, Shizhong Zhang, Dajun Wang

Published May 7, 2020• 11 citations
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Abstract

We report the observation and manipulation of heteronuclear spin dynamics in a spin-1 mixture of ultracold $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ atoms. The dynamics is driven by the interspecies spin-dependent interaction and shows a pronounced dependence on magnetic fields with influences from both linear and quadratic Zeeman shifts. Similar to the well-studied homonuclear cases, the interspecies spin dynamics can be controlled by tuning the quadratic Zeeman shift with far-detuned microwave fields. In addition, we successfully realize spin dynamics' control with vector light shifts which act as a species-selective effective magnetic field on $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms. Both methods show negligible loss of atoms thus will be powerful techniques for investigating spin dynamics with fast temporal and high spatial resolutions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.053611

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Experiments with vortex beams have shown a surge of interest in controlling cold atoms. Most of the controlling protocols are dominated by circularly polarized light due to its ability to induce vector polarization at atoms, which is impossible for paraxial linearly polarized light. Here we develop a theory for frequency dependent polarizability of an atomic state interacting with a focused linearly polarized vortex beam. The naturally induced spin-orbit coupling in this type of linearly polarized beam produces vector component of the valence polarizability to an atomic state, obeying the total angular-momentum conservation of the beam. The theory is employed on 87Sr+^{87}\mathrm{Sr}^{+}87Sr+ to accurately calculate the magic wavelengths for the clock transitions and tune-out wavelengths for the clock states using the relativistic coupled-cluster method. The induced vector component in the dynamic polarizability due to the linearly polarized focused vortex beam promotes a fictitious magnetic field to the atomic state. We demonstrate that this fictitious magnetic field, depending on the focusing angle and orbital angular momentum of the beam, improves the flexibility of the coherent heteronuclear spin oscillations in a spin-1 mixture of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na atoms.
In the mixture of ultracold spin-1 atoms of two different species A and B (e.g., 23Na^{23}\mathrm{Na}23Na (A) and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb (B)), the interspecies singlet-pairing process ${\mathrm{A}}_{+1}+{\mathrm{B}}_{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\rightleftharpoons}{\mathrm{A}}_{\ensuremath{-}1}+{\mathrm{B}}_{+1}$ can be induced by the spin-dependent interatomic interaction, where subscript $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ denotes the magnetic quantum number. Nevertheless, one cannot isolate this process from other spin-changing processes, which are usually much stronger, by tuning the bias real magnetic field. As a result, it is difficult to clearly observe the singlet-pairing process and precisely measure the corresponding interaction strength. In this work we propose to control the singlet-pairing process via combining the real magnetic field and a laser-induced species-dependent synthetic magnetic field. With our approach one can significantly enhance this process and simultaneously suppress all other spin-changing processes. We illustrate our approach for both a confined two-atom system and a binary mixture of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Our control scheme is helpful for the precise measurement of the weak singlet-pairing interaction strength and the entanglement generation of two different atoms.
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