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arXiv:1501.07529 · Quantum Information and Computation

Quantum information splitting using a pair of GHZ states

Kaushik Nandi, Goutam Paul

Published Sep 1, 2015• 2 citations
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Abstract

We describe a protocol for quantum information splitting (QIS) of a restricted class of three-qubit states among three parties Alice, Bob and Charlie, using a pair of GHZ states as the quantum channel. There are two different forms of this three-qubit state that is used for QIS depending on the distribution of the particles among the three parties. There is also a special type of four-qubit state that can be used for QIS using the above channel. We explicitly construct the quantum channel, Alice's measurement basis and the analytic form of the unitary operations required by the receiver for such a purpose.

DOI
10.26421/qic15.11-12-10

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We describe a protocol for quantum information splitting (QIS) of a restricted class of three-qubit states among three parties Alice, Bob and Charlie, using a pair of GHZ states as the quantum channel. There are two different forms of this three-qubit state that is used for QIS depending on the distribution of the particles among the three parties. There is also a special type of four-qubit state that can be used for QIS using the above channel. We explicitly construct the quantum channel, Alice's measurement basis and the analytic form of the unitary operations required by the receiver for such a purpose.
A scheme is proposed for quantum information splitting of a two-qubit Bell state by using a four-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel. In the scenario, it is supposed that there are three legitimate parties, say Alice, Bob and Charlie. Alice is the sender of quantum information. Bob and Charlie are two agents. Alice first performs GHZ state measurement and tells Bob and Charlie the measurement results via a classical channel. It is impossible for Bob to reconstruct the original state with local operations unless help is obtained from Charlie. If Charlie allows Bob to reconstruct the original state information, he needs to perform a single-qubit measurement and tell Bob the measurement result. Using the measurement results from Alice and Charlie, Bob can reconstruct the original state. We also consider the problem of security attacks. This protocol is considered to be secure.
A scheme is presented for quantum information splitting of arbitrary two-particle state by using two GHZ states as quantum channel.In this scheme,Alice performs two Bell-state measurements and publishes four classical bits to her two receivers(Bob and Charlie).If the two recipients collaborate together,they can deterministically reconstruct the quantum information by performing single-qubit measurements and two single-qubit unitary operations.And the unitary operation is explicitly given with the splitting scheme.
Quantum information splitting(QIS) or quantum state sharing is the generalization of classical secret sharing schemes to the quantum scenario.In QIS,a piece of quantum information(in the form of a quantum state) is divided and distributed to a number of receivers.A scheme of splitting two-qubit states was proposed by using six-particle maximally entangled state as the quantum channel.Alice first performs two Bell-basis measurement and announces her measurement outcome and assigns Charlie(Bob) to reconstruct the original unknown state.If the controllers Bob(Charlie) agree to help Charlie(Bob) obtain the original state,they should perform single-particle measurements on their respective qubits.After the sender performs Bell-basis measurements on her particles,and the cooperators operate single-particle measurements on their particles,the state receiver can reconstruct the original state of the sender by applying the appropriate unitary operation.
A scheme is presented for splitting three-particle GHZ-class states by using two GHZ states as the quantum channel.We show that if the sender Alice knows the initial state in prior,she only needs to implement a two-qubit projective measurement for her two receivers Bob and Charlie to recover the original state via their mutual assistance.In the scheme,the success probability and classical communication cost is calculated.In general case,Alice can successfully split the state with probability 1/4 and the classical communication cost is 3/4 classical bit.However,in situations of five special states,the success probability of our scheme can be increased to 1/2 or even to 1 after consuming some extra classical bits.
A new application of cluster states is investigated for quantum information splitting (QIS) of an arbitrary three-qubit state. In our scheme, a four-qubit cluster state and a Bell state are shared by a sender (Alice), a controller (Charlie), and a receiver (Bob). Both the sender and controller only need to perform Bell-state measurements (BSMs), the receiver can reconstruct the arbitrary three-qubit state by performing some appropriately unitary transformations on his qubits after he knows the measured results of both the sender and the controller. This QIS scheme is deterministic.