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arXiv:1501.01351 · Physical Review A

Chirped multiphoton adiabatic passage for a four-level ladder-type Rydberg excitation

Jing Qian, Jingjing Zhai, Lu Zhang, Weiping Zhang

Published Jan 23, 2015• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop a multiphoton adiabatic passage to realize a highly efficient Rydberg excitation in a four-level ladder-type atomic system. The adiabatic passage is based on the existence of a novel quasidark state in the cascade excitation system where the frequencies of the lasers are appropriately chirped with time. We also investigate the influence of the interatomic Rydberg interaction on the passage and extend its application to the preparation of antiblockade Rydberg atom pairs in the Rydberg blockade regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.013411

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We develop a multiphoton adiabatic passage to realize a highly efficient Rydberg excitation in a four-level ladder-type atomic system. The adiabatic passage is based on the existence of a novel quasidark state in the cascade excitation system where the frequencies of the lasers are appropriately chirped with time. We also investigate the influence of the interatomic Rydberg interaction on the passage and extend its application to the preparation of antiblockade Rydberg atom pairs in the Rydberg blockade regime.
In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
We examine the adiabatic preparation of spatially-ordered Rydberg excitations of atoms in finite one-dimensional lattices by frequency-chirped laser pulses, as realized in a number of recent experiments simulating quantum Ising model. Our aims are to unravel the microscopic mechanism of the phase transition from the unexcited state of atoms to the antiferromagnetic-like state of Rydberg excitations by traversing an extended gapless phase, and to estimate the preparation fidelity of the target state in a moderately sized system amenable to detailed numerical analysis. We find that, in the basis of the bare atomic states, the system climbs the ladder of Rydberg excitations predominantly along the strongest-amplitude paths towards the final ordered state. We show that, despite its complexity, the interacting many-body system can be described as an effective two-level system involving a pair of lowest-energy instantaneous collective eigenstates of the time-dependent Hamiltonian. The final preparation fidelity of the target state can then be well approximated by the Landau-Zener formula, while the nonadiabatic population leakage during the passage can be estimated using a perturbative approach applied to the instantaneous collective eigenstates.
Efficient population transfer by adiabatically chirping through a multiphoton resonance in microwave driven and kicked Rydberg atoms has recently been reported both experimentally and theoretically. Here we report on our simulations in which we have exploited this mechanism to vibrationally excite a diatomic molecule up to |ν = 4, J from the ground state by chirping through a four-photon resonance condition. This is an efficient means of population transfer, which is an alternative to the ladder climbing scheme requiring chirping through a sequence of states in the correct order. We discuss and compare one-dimensional quantum and classical models where there is no rotational degree of freedom. This comparison suggests that for the lowest laser intensity we consider, the process is classically forbidden and the transition occurs through tunnelling. We show that for larger peak intensities, the transfer can be looked upon as a classical transition in phase space, similar to that observed in the atomic case. We extend our simulations to fully three-dimensional quantum calculations and investigate the effect of coupling between different rotational pathways. We finally discuss the effect of thermal averaging over the initial J-states using a temperature for which the first few rotational levels inside the ν = 0 manifold are populated.
Abstract We analyze the excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For intermediate Rydberg–Rydberg interaction strengths relevant for atoms separated by ∼ten μ m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.
Generally, high optical intensity is required for effective multiphoton excitation of quantum systems to highly excited states. In certain situations, however, lower-intensity, chirped pulses can provide more efficient transfer of population to the upper states by the process of adiabatic passage. We have studied the relative importance of these two mechanisms in the anharmonic $5s\ensuremath{-}5p\ensuremath{-}5d$ quantum ladder system of rubidium using frequency chirped laser pulses from an amplified Ti:sapphire laser (\ensuremath{\lambda}=780 and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}=10 nm). We measure simultaneously the three-photon ionization signal due to the Ti:sapphire and the population that remains in the 5d5d5d state with a postionizing 532-nm Nd:YAG pulse (where YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet). At low infrared fluences (80 \ensuremath{\mu}J/cm2{\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}J/cm2), the transfer to the 5d5d5d state is significantly enhanced when the pulse frequency is swept from the red to the blue, such that it follows the frequency spacing of the rubidium ladder. Counterintuitively, population is also transferred efficiently for the blue-to-red chirp at high fluences (>5 mJ/cm2{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}mJ/cm2). We attribute both of these effects to adiabatic passage from the 5s5s5s state to the 5d5d5d state. Even at the highest fluences, more efficient transfer occurs for either direction of chirp than occurs at zero chirp, where the intensity is maximal. A comparison to theoretical predictions reveals striking agreement in both absolute magnitude and functional form. These results have important implications for the understanding of population transfer in complex ladder systems, such as molecular anharmonic vibrational ladders.
Using the time-dependent multilevel approach, we have calculated the coherent population transfer between the quantum states of potassium atom by a single frequency-chirped laser pulse. The result shows that a pair of sequential 'broadband' frequency-chirped laser pulses can efficiently transfer population from the initial state of the ladder system to the target state. It is also found that the population can be efficiently transferred to a target state and trapped there by using an 'intuitive' or a 'counterintuitive' frequency sweep laser pulse in the case of 'narrowband' frequency-chirped laser pulse. Our research shows that the complete population transfer is related to the pulse duration, chirp rate, and amplitude of the laser pulse.