Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1410.5672 · Journal of Modern Optics

Coherence area profiling in multi-spatial-mode squeezed states

Benjamin J. Lawrie, Nils T. Otterstrom, Raphael C. Pooser

Published Sep 12, 2015• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The presence of multiple bipartite entangled modes in squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing enables ultra-trace sensing, imaging, and metrology applications that are impossible to achieve with single-spatial-mode squeezed states. For Gaussian seed beams, the spatial distribution of these bipartite entangled modes, or coherence areas, across each beam is largely dependent on the spatial modes present in the pump beam, but it has proven difficult to map the distribution of these coherence areas in frequency and space. We demonstrate an accessible method to map the distribution of the coherence areas within these twin beams. We also show that the pump shape can impart different noise properties to each coherence area, and that it is possible to select and detect coherence areas with optimal squeezing with this approach.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2015.1080869

Related papers

Coherence area measurements of bright entangled twin beams

Ashok Kumar, Hayden Nunley, Alberto M. Marino

Quantum states of light with multiple spatial modes are fundamental for quantum imaging and parallel quantum information processing. Thus, their characterization, which can be achieved through measurements of the coherence area, is an important area of research. We present a comparative study between different measurement techniques for the coherence area of bright entangled twin beams of light. The first one is a direct measurement based on correlation measurements between spatial intensity fluctuations of the twin beams while the second one is based on a noise analysis of different spatial regions in the temporal domain. We generate the bright entangled twin beams with a four-wave mixing process in a hot rubidium vapor cell and capture images of the twin beams with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera. We show that the time domain measurements, which provides a significantly less complicated measurement scheme, provides an estimate of the size of the coherence area of the same order of magnitude as the direct measurement done in the spatial domain.

•Jan 31, 2018•0 citations

Comparison of coherence-area measurement techniques for bright entangled twin beams

Ashok Kumar, Hayden Nunley, Alberto M. Marino

Quantum states of light with multiple spatial modes are fundamental for quantum imaging and parallel quantum information processing. Thus their characterization, which can be achieved through measurements of the coherence area, is an important area of research. We present a comparative study between two different measurement techniques for the coherence area of bright entangled twin beams of light generated with a four-wave mixing process in a hot rubidium vapor cell. The first one provides a direct characterization of the size of the coherence area and is based on correlation measurements between spatial intensity fluctuations of the twin beams with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera. The second one provides an indirect measure and is based on a noise analysis of different spatial regions of the twin beams in the time domain with a single photodiode. We show that the indirect technique, which can be implemented with a significantly less complicated measurement scheme, gives an estimate of the size of the coherence area consistent with the direct measurement technique performed in the spatial domain.

arXiv:1801.10535•Physical Review A•Oct 30, 2018•16 citations

Control of the size of the coherence area in entangled twin beams

Matthew Holtfrerich, Alberto M. Marino

We study the effect of a change in size and spatial profile of the pump beam in an atomic-based four-wave mixing process on the size of the coherence area of the generated entangled twin beams. We perform experiments and develop a theoretical model to obtain a measure of the linear extent or ``radius'' of the coherence area from noise measurements of the twin beams as a function of transmission through a variable size slit. Our results show that an increase in the size of the pump reduces the size of the coherence area. More interestingly, we find that the use of a flat-top pump beam of the same size as a Gaussian pump beam leads to a reduction by a factor of more than 2 in the linear extent of the coherence area. This in turn leads to an increase by a factor of more than 4 in the number of spatial modes that make up the twin beams and a resolution enhancement of the entangled images that can be generated with the four-wave mixing process.

Physical Review A•Jun 13, 2016•27 citations

Spatial Properties of Entangled Twin Beams

Alberto M. Marino

We use four-wave mixing in an atomic system to generate twin beams and study the effect of the size and profile of the pump on the minimum size of the spatial correlations, or coherence area. Article not available.

Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Optimal bright multimode quantum squeezing via multi-seeding energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing

Jiawei Li, Jianhua Zeng, Feng Li +2 more

Quantum Squeezing is one of the most important quantum resources in quantum optics and quantum information. In particular, multimode quantum squeezing, with ultra-low quantum fluctuations and quantum correlations amongst many optical modes, is essential for realizing multipartite entanglement and quantum precision measurements. In this paper, we propose an all-optically controlled scheme to generate three-mode bright quantum correlated beams from energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM). By using a linear modes transform approach, the input-output relation and the covariance matrix of the produced states are obtained. Moreover, single-, double- and triple-seeding conditions are investigated to measure the quantum squeezing properties. We find that various permutations of two- and three-mode quadrature squeezing can be generated and optimized to reach the corresponding limit, via only modulating the ratio of the multiple seeds, without need of any post-operating linear optics, e.g., beam splitters. Such weak seeding light controlled scheme suggests the modulation and the optimization of multimode quantum states might be operated at photons-level, providing a reconfigurable and integrated strategy for complex quantum information processing and quantum metrology.

Optics Express•Oct 4, 2022•4 citations

Four-wave-mixing in hot atomic vapor for spatially multimode squeezed light generation

Quentin C. Glorieux, James Alexander Clark, Neil Corzo +5 more

Four-wave-mixing in hot atomic vapor is a versatile tool for spatially multimode squeezed light generation. We demonstrate multimode behavior for different pump-probe configurations producing either single beam squeezing or twin beams. To illustrate the usefulness of such fields, we perform an imaging experiment with two quantum correlated vacuum (squeezed) beams, where the spatially multimode character of squeezing is used to reconstruct an arbitrarily chosen pattern.

International Conference on Quantum Information•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations
The presence of multiple bipartite entangled modes in squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing enables ultra-trace sensing, imaging, and metrology applications that are impossible to achieve with single-spatial-mode squeezed states. For Gaussian seed beams, the spatial distribution of these bipartite entangled modes, or coherence areas, across each beam is largely dependent on the spatial modes present in the pump beam, but it has proven difficult to map the distribution of these coherence areas in frequency and space. We demonstrate an accessible method to map the distribution of the coherence areas within these twin beams. We also show that the pump shape can impart different noise properties to each coherence area, and that it is possible to select and detect coherence areas with optimal squeezing with this approach.
Quantum states of light with multiple spatial modes are fundamental for quantum imaging and parallel quantum information processing. Thus, their characterization, which can be achieved through measurements of the coherence area, is an important area of research. We present a comparative study between different measurement techniques for the coherence area of bright entangled twin beams of light. The first one is a direct measurement based on correlation measurements between spatial intensity fluctuations of the twin beams while the second one is based on a noise analysis of different spatial regions in the temporal domain. We generate the bright entangled twin beams with a four-wave mixing process in a hot rubidium vapor cell and capture images of the twin beams with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera. We show that the time domain measurements, which provides a significantly less complicated measurement scheme, provides an estimate of the size of the coherence area of the same order of magnitude as the direct measurement done in the spatial domain.
Quantum states of light with multiple spatial modes are fundamental for quantum imaging and parallel quantum information processing. Thus their characterization, which can be achieved through measurements of the coherence area, is an important area of research. We present a comparative study between two different measurement techniques for the coherence area of bright entangled twin beams of light generated with a four-wave mixing process in a hot rubidium vapor cell. The first one provides a direct characterization of the size of the coherence area and is based on correlation measurements between spatial intensity fluctuations of the twin beams with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera. The second one provides an indirect measure and is based on a noise analysis of different spatial regions of the twin beams in the time domain with a single photodiode. We show that the indirect technique, which can be implemented with a significantly less complicated measurement scheme, gives an estimate of the size of the coherence area consistent with the direct measurement technique performed in the spatial domain.
We study the effect of a change in size and spatial profile of the pump beam in an atomic-based four-wave mixing process on the size of the coherence area of the generated entangled twin beams. We perform experiments and develop a theoretical model to obtain a measure of the linear extent or ``radius'' of the coherence area from noise measurements of the twin beams as a function of transmission through a variable size slit. Our results show that an increase in the size of the pump reduces the size of the coherence area. More interestingly, we find that the use of a flat-top pump beam of the same size as a Gaussian pump beam leads to a reduction by a factor of more than 2 in the linear extent of the coherence area. This in turn leads to an increase by a factor of more than 4 in the number of spatial modes that make up the twin beams and a resolution enhancement of the entangled images that can be generated with the four-wave mixing process.
Quantum Squeezing is one of the most important quantum resources in quantum optics and quantum information. In particular, multimode quantum squeezing, with ultra-low quantum fluctuations and quantum correlations amongst many optical modes, is essential for realizing multipartite entanglement and quantum precision measurements. In this paper, we propose an all-optically controlled scheme to generate three-mode bright quantum correlated beams from energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM). By using a linear modes transform approach, the input-output relation and the covariance matrix of the produced states are obtained. Moreover, single-, double- and triple-seeding conditions are investigated to measure the quantum squeezing properties. We find that various permutations of two- and three-mode quadrature squeezing can be generated and optimized to reach the corresponding limit, via only modulating the ratio of the multiple seeds, without need of any post-operating linear optics, e.g., beam splitters. Such weak seeding light controlled scheme suggests the modulation and the optimization of multimode quantum states might be operated at photons-level, providing a reconfigurable and integrated strategy for complex quantum information processing and quantum metrology.