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Optics Express

Optimal bright multimode quantum squeezing via multi-seeding energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing

Jiawei Li, Jianhua Zeng, Feng Li, Yanpeng Zhang, Yin Cai

Published Oct 4, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Squeezing is one of the most important quantum resources in quantum optics and quantum information. In particular, multimode quantum squeezing, with ultra-low quantum fluctuations and quantum correlations amongst many optical modes, is essential for realizing multipartite entanglement and quantum precision measurements. In this paper, we propose an all-optically controlled scheme to generate three-mode bright quantum correlated beams from energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM). By using a linear modes transform approach, the input-output relation and the covariance matrix of the produced states are obtained. Moreover, single-, double- and triple-seeding conditions are investigated to measure the quantum squeezing properties. We find that various permutations of two- and three-mode quadrature squeezing can be generated and optimized to reach the corresponding limit, via only modulating the ratio of the multiple seeds, without need of any post-operating linear optics, e.g., beam splitters. Such weak seeding light controlled scheme suggests the modulation and the optimization of multimode quantum states might be operated at photons-level, providing a reconfigurable and integrated strategy for complex quantum information processing and quantum metrology.

DOI
10.1364/oe.463900

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Quantum Squeezing is one of the most important quantum resources in quantum optics and quantum information. In particular, multimode quantum squeezing, with ultra-low quantum fluctuations and quantum correlations amongst many optical modes, is essential for realizing multipartite entanglement and quantum precision measurements. In this paper, we propose an all-optically controlled scheme to generate three-mode bright quantum correlated beams from energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing (ELC-FWM). By using a linear modes transform approach, the input-output relation and the covariance matrix of the produced states are obtained. Moreover, single-, double- and triple-seeding conditions are investigated to measure the quantum squeezing properties. We find that various permutations of two- and three-mode quadrature squeezing can be generated and optimized to reach the corresponding limit, via only modulating the ratio of the multiple seeds, without need of any post-operating linear optics, e.g., beam splitters. Such weak seeding light controlled scheme suggests the modulation and the optimization of multimode quantum states might be operated at photons-level, providing a reconfigurable and integrated strategy for complex quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
Multimode quantum squeezing plays an essential role in the fields of quantum metrology and quantum information. In this paper, we first construct a three- and four-mode energy-level cascaded four-wave mixing system in a single 85 R b vapor, and then analyze the quantum properties of the produced states, including the covariance matrix and the intensity squeezing with 11 possible Hamiltonians. In addition, the dressing field is applied to modulate the nonlinear susceptibility and the multimode quantum states. Our scheme allows active modulation of the quantum states integrated within the generation step, without the need for any post-operation of the optics. The mode number of the states also can be extended using more pump fields and the dressing effect. Our study provides a promising candidate to generate multimode quantum states and multimode quantum squeezing within a quantum device involved in the construction of practical quantum networks.
Quantum squeezed states, exhibiting noise reduction below the shot-noise limit, are important resources in quantum optics. The degree of quantum squeezing directly influences the performance of physical systems, making the achievement of higher squeezing levels essential. Here, by utilizing the phase-sensitive cascaded four-wave mixing (PSCFWM) processes, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of three-beam quantum squeezing. The intensity-difference squeezing among the three output beams from PSCFWM processes is about 8.2 dB, which is enhanced by about 1.3 dB compared with that generated by phase-insensitive cascaded four-wave mixing processes. Our scheme provides an effective way for enhancing multi-beam quantum squeezing and holds promise for applications in multimode quantum correlated imaging and multiparameter quantum precision measurement.
Multimode quantum states, such as multipartite quantum entanglement or quantum correlations, are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally realize a scheme that can fully exploit the multi-spatial-mode nature of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) process, i.e., spatial multiplexing, and thus integrates multiple FWM processes into a single cell at each stage of the cascaded process. The number of generated quantum-correlated beams 2n{2}^{n}2n is exponentially dependent on the number of vapor cells nnn. In addition, the quantum correlations between the multiple beams also increase as the number of vapor cell increases. For the case of n=2n=2n=2, we experimentally show that the degree of intensity-difference squeezing between the four quantum-correlated beams in our scheme is enhanced to $\ensuremath{-}8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB from $\ensuremath{-}5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ and $\ensuremath{-}6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB of squeezing obtained with a single FWM process. Our system may find applications in quantum information and precision measurement.
Abstract We report the quantum correlated triple beams via cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) amplified in single hot atomic vapor. Experimentally, we show that strong quantum correlation of three light beams, among them any two’s quantum correlation is characterized by the maximum value of intensity-difference squeezing (IDS) about −7.8 ± 0.3 dB. We found there is IDS between two idler beams, because two pairs of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen injections potentially exist in our system. Besides, CFWM can emit three-mode beams at three different frequencies, in which these beams can be well separated in the spatial domain. Moreover, much difference with other methods, the injecting probe field can manipulate the gain and IDS of output three-mode light beams, which is resulting from competition relationship between cascaded two four-wave mixing processes. More interestingly, Autler–Townes splitting of gain peaks of output signals due to dressing effect of pumping fields, will lead to the evolution of measured two- and three-mode IDS from single-mode to multi-mode at frequency domain. This result will provide a multimode quantum resource which can potentially realize multimode entanglement and quantum networks.
Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum modes are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. This development will also require an efficient quantum interface between multimode quantum light sources and atomic ensembles, which makes it necessary to implement multimode quantum light sources that match the atomic transitions. Here, we report on such a source that provides a method for generating quantum correlated beams that can be extended to a large number of modes by using multiple four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium vapor. Experimentally, we show that two cascaded FWM processes produce strong quantum correlations between three bright beams but not between any two of them. In addition, the intensity-difference squeezing is enhanced with the cascaded system to -7.0±0.1 dB from the -5.5±0.1/-4.5±0.1 dB squeezing obtained with only one FWM process. One of the main advantages of our system is that as the number of quantum modes increases, so does the total degree of quantum correlations. The proposed method is also immune to phase instabilities due to its phase insensitive nature, can easily be extended to multiple modes, and has potential applications in the production of multiple quantum correlated images.
Abstract Level-cascaded four-wave mixing systems with multimode quantum state squeezing are of great significance for non-Hermitian exceptional control. In this paper, based on non-Hermitian systems, we couple the energy level dressing to generate multimode quantum correlated beams. We have conducted an in-depth discussion on the quantum squeezing characteristics of the cascaded four-mode system. We use the gain squeezing matrix of the Hamiltonian matrix to introduce a pair of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) injections and two pairs of EPR injections at different positions in the cascaded four-mode system. We found several key phenomena: (1) In covariance squeezing, dual EPR injections not only disrupt the original squeezing strength but also produce varying numbers of Hamiltonians depending on injection location; (2) For intensity-difference squeezing, multiple coherent injections enhance squeezing coherence proportionally to injection count, while increased Hamiltonians strengthen intensity-difference correlations. Particularly noteworthy is the equivalence between single EPR injections and E 2 E 3 dual injections, as well as between position-B dual EPR injections and E 2 E 3 E 4 triple injections. The results establish that EPR injections exhibit superior intensity hierarchy compared to multiple coherent or Hamiltonian injections, with their configuration capable of actively modifying inter-mode hierarchical relationships.