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Physical Review A

Experimental generation of quadruple quantum-correlated beams from hot rubidium vapor by cascaded four-wave mixing using spatial multiplexing

Leiming Cao, Jian Feng Qi, Jinjian Du, Jietai Jing

Published Feb 2, 2017• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multimode quantum states, such as multipartite quantum entanglement or quantum correlations, are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally realize a scheme that can fully exploit the multi-spatial-mode nature of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) process, i.e., spatial multiplexing, and thus integrates multiple FWM processes into a single cell at each stage of the cascaded process. The number of generated quantum-correlated beams ${2}^{n}$ is exponentially dependent on the number of vapor cells $n$. In addition, the quantum correlations between the multiple beams also increase as the number of vapor cell increases. For the case of $n=2$, we experimentally show that the degree of intensity-difference squeezing between the four quantum-correlated beams in our scheme is enhanced to $\ensuremath{-}8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB from $\ensuremath{-}5.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ and $\ensuremath{-}6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ dB of squeezing obtained with a single FWM process. Our system may find applications in quantum information and precision measurement.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.023803

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Quantum correlations and entanglement shared among multiple quantum modes are important for both fundamental science and the future development of quantum technologies. This development will also require an efficient quantum interface between multimode quantum light sources and atomic ensembles, which makes it necessary to implement multimode quantum light sources that match the atomic transitions. Here, we report on such a source that provides a method for generating quantum correlated beams that can be extended to a large number of modes by using multiple four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in hot rubidium vapor. Experimentally, we show that two cascaded FWM processes produce strong quantum correlations between three bright beams but not between any two of them. In addition, the intensity-difference squeezing is enhanced with the cascaded system to -7.0±0.1 dB from the -5.5±0.1/-4.5±0.1 dB squeezing obtained with only one FWM process. One of the main advantages of our system is that as the number of quantum modes increases, so does the total degree of quantum correlations. The proposed method is also immune to phase instabilities due to its phase insensitive nature, can easily be extended to multiple modes, and has potential applications in the production of multiple quantum correlated images.
Abstract We report the quantum correlated triple beams via cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) amplified in single hot atomic vapor. Experimentally, we show that strong quantum correlation of three light beams, among them any two’s quantum correlation is characterized by the maximum value of intensity-difference squeezing (IDS) about −7.8 ± 0.3 dB. We found there is IDS between two idler beams, because two pairs of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen injections potentially exist in our system. Besides, CFWM can emit three-mode beams at three different frequencies, in which these beams can be well separated in the spatial domain. Moreover, much difference with other methods, the injecting probe field can manipulate the gain and IDS of output three-mode light beams, which is resulting from competition relationship between cascaded two four-wave mixing processes. More interestingly, Autler–Townes splitting of gain peaks of output signals due to dressing effect of pumping fields, will lead to the evolution of measured two- and three-mode IDS from single-mode to multi-mode at frequency domain. This result will provide a multimode quantum resource which can potentially realize multimode entanglement and quantum networks.
Multimode quantum resources or states, in which quantum correlations are shared and distributed among multiple parties, are important not only for fundamental tests of quantum effects but also for their numerous possible applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum imaging and quantum metrology. Here we demonstrate the single-step fabrication of a multimode quantum resource from four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot Rb vapor using a spatially structured pump, which consists of a coherent combination of two tilted pump beams. During this FWM process, one probe beam is amplified, three conjugate and two new probe beams are generated. The measured degrees of the intensity squeezing for the four-beam case and six-beam case are around $\ensuremath{-}4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB and $\ensuremath{-}4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ dB, respectively. The generated multiple quantum correlated beams are naturally separated with distinct directions, which is crucial for sending them out to quantum nodes at different locations in quantum communication. Our scheme is compact, simple, phase insensitive, and easily scalable to larger number of quantum-correlated modes.
We propose a two-beam pumped cascaded four-wave-mixing (CFWM) scheme with a double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ energy-level configuration in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb vapor cell and experimentally observe the emission of up to 10 quantum correlated beams from such CFWM scheme. During this process, the seed beam is amplified; four new signal beams and five idler beams are generated. The 10 beams show strong quantum correlation which is characterized by the intensity-difference squeezing of about $\ensuremath{-}6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ dB. Then, by altering the angle between the two pump beams, we observe the notable transition of the number of the output beams from 10 to eight, and even to six. We find that both the number of the output quantum correlated beams and their degree of quantum correlation from such two-beam pumped CFWM scheme increase with the decrease of the angle between the two pump beams. Such system may find potential applications in quantum information and quantum metrology.