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arXiv:1409.6927 · IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS eBooks

Chapter 3: Cooling Techniques for Trapped Ions

Daniel M. Segal, Christof Wunderlich

Published Feb 11, 2014• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This book chapter gives an introduction to, and an overview of, methods for cooling trapped ions. The main addressees are researchers entering the field. It is not intended as a comprehensive survey and historical account of the extensive literature on this topic. We present the physical ideas behind several cooling schemes, outline their mathematical description, and point to relevant literature useful for a more in-depth study of this topic.

DOI
10.1142/9781783264063_0003

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This book chapter gives an introduction to, and an overview of, methods for cooling trapped ions. The main addressees are researchers entering the field. It is not intended as a comprehensive survey and historical account of the extensive literature on this topic. We present the physical ideas behind several cooling schemes, outline their mathematical description, and point to relevant literature useful for a more in-depth study of this topic.
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Abstract The author provides, in nine chapters, a compact and up-to-date coverage of the entire range of applications of the two most important ion traps: the Paul('radiofrequency') trap and the Penning('dc) trap. The book begins with full details of the ion confinement principles of both these traps; this is followed by a presentation of the basic experimental techniques, including details of a few actual traps. There is then a chapter on the methods of ion cooling, now an essential integral part of all trap-based experiments. The next four chapters provide a comprehensive coverage of applications in four major areas, broadly classified as: atomic physics, frequency standards, collision studies, and analytical mass spectrometry. The text is appended by a set of more than 600 fully titled chronologically arranged references which mirror the growth of the field as well as providing a comprehensive guide to original research papers. The text should be useful to students both at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate level as a general reader for professionals in atomic physics, chemical physics, mass spectometry and related fields.
One of the current themes in quantum physics is the creation of cold ( 1 K) molecules to study molecule-molecule, molecule-atom, and molecule-radiation interactions under these novel low-temperature conditions. This book highlights the field of cold trapped molecular ions. In particular, the development of a novel, universal cooling method for charged particles, sympathetic cooling using laser-cooled atoms, together with the experimental and computational techniques required are extensively reviewed. The book also reviews first spectacular applications of the cold ion ensembles produced: the study of the properties of cold non-neutral plasmas, the study of ion-neutral chemical reactions and of photodissociation processes, and high-resolution rotational overtone spectroscopy of cold hydrogen molecular ions with unprecedented spectral resolution. The large potential of this field of research and its possible impact to other fields of physics, chemistry, and biology are highlighted. The book summarizes the main lines of research in cold trapped molecular ion physics, thus, making it useful as an introduction for advanced students and experienced researchers.
Abstract One of the most remarkable achievements of laser control is the manipulation of atomic particles, their velocities, positions, etc., which is referred to as laser cooling and laser trapping . These two effects are interrelated and usually prove effective when used jointly. That this is so one can see by considering as an example the laser cooling of trapped ions and the laser trapping of laser-cooled neutral atoms (Fig. 5.1). The sequences of processes in these two situations are directly opposite. Ions can easily be trapped in an electromagnetic trap of large depth (Paul 1990) and then be cooled for a long time by laser radiation (sideband cooling) (Wineland and Dehmelt 1975; Dehmelt 1990). Neutral atoms are first slowed down and cooled by laser radiation down to millikelvin temperatures, and only then confined in an optical trap. Trapped atoms can further be cooled to microkelvin temperatures. The present chapter and Chapter 6 consider the cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, the present chapter concentrating on their cooling, and Chapter 6 on trapping. But it would be reasonable first to familiarize the reader with the history of the early ideas in this field that eventually led to the advent of a new domain of physics—the physics of ultracold atoms and molecules (Chapters 7 and 8).
Recent experimental works with ion traps are surveyed.Ion traps can confine ions of very low-energy in a small space, and they are useful tools for the precise spectroscopy of ions.Basic ideas on trapping mechanism of several types of the traps and detection methods of trapped ions are summarized.Major topics are ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy of ions using laser cooling methods and physics on one-component plasmas such as localization, phase transition and crystallization of ion cloud.Applications to elementary particle physics , nuclear physics and atomic physics on multiply charged ions are also presented.