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arXiv:1407.2097 · Physical Review Letters

Multilevel Interference Resonances in Strongly Driven Three-Level Systems

Jeroen Danon, Mark Spencer Rudner

Published Dec 9, 2014• 31 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study multiphoton resonances in a strongly driven three-level quantum system, where one level is periodically swept through a pair of levels with constant energy separation E. Near the multiphoton resonance condition nℏω=E, where n is an integer, we find qualitatively different behavior for n even or odd. We explain this phenomenon in terms of families of interfering trajectories of the multilevel system. Remarkably, the behavior is insensitive to fluctuations of the energy of the driven level, and survives deep into the strong dephasing regime. The setup can be relevant for a variety of solid state and atomic or molecular systems. In particular, it provides a clear mechanism to explain recent puzzling experimental observations in strongly driven double quantum dots.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.113.247002

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Multilevel systems: Simultaneously forbidden combination resonances

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A general Floquet approach is used to investigate the nonlinear response of a multilevel quantum system driven by a strong, in general off-resonance, pump field. The response to a weak probe field is studied near the quasienergy interval resonances. A general condition is derived for a phenomenon in which the transition matrix elements for a given pair of Floquet states simultaneously vanish for an infinite number of equally spaced resonances beyond a unique frequency edge. This phenomenon is illustrated with several models involving modulating interactions and possibilities for its observation are analyzed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

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We study multiphoton resonances in a strongly driven three-level quantum system, where one level is periodically swept through a pair of levels with constant energy separation E. Near the multiphoton resonance condition nℏω=E, where n is an integer, we find qualitatively different behavior for n even or odd. We explain this phenomenon in terms of families of interfering trajectories of the multilevel system. Remarkably, the behavior is insensitive to fluctuations of the energy of the driven level, and survives deep into the strong dephasing regime. The setup can be relevant for a variety of solid state and atomic or molecular systems. In particular, it provides a clear mechanism to explain recent puzzling experimental observations in strongly driven double quantum dots.
In this paper, we study a new kind of multiphoton resonances in a strongly driven six-level quantum system, where one of its levels is coupled individually with the other two levels that have the constant energy separation E. Near the multiphoton resonance condition, a different behavior for the number of even or odd photons was found qualitatively, which could be explained by considering two certain interfering trajectories and computing the interference phase of system. In the regime of strong dephasing, we calculated the rates of interlevel transitions, showing that multilevel Landau-Zener (LZ) interferences between first and third order processes could lead to resonances with characteristics differing markedly from those of familiar two-level resonances that first arose at the fourth order in the couplings of the energy levels. The rates displayed resonant features at the number of integer photons. Finally, we could explicitly connect our model to the experiments, showing that it captured all relevant features of the experimental data. This paper can be relevant for a variety of solid state and atomic or molecular systems. In particular, it provides a clear mechanism to explain the puzzling experimental observations in strongly driven double quantum dots.
Abstract We investigate a new type of multiphoton resonance in a four-level quantum system, where two of its levels are coupled strongly with two symmetric driving fields. Near the resonance condition where transitions occur, the different behaviors of the number of even and odd photons, n , is found to be consistent with experimental observations. By making all levels time-dependent, we compute the transition rates with resonant features. We explain this phenomenon in terms of groups of certain interfering trajectories of the multilevel systems, so that the behavior is insensitive to fluctuations of the energy of the driven levels, and survives deeply into the strong dephasing regime. Multiphoton resonances occur for the first time at the third order and for the second time at the fourth order of couplings and likewise for other higher orders. This study can be related to a variety of nanoscale solid state, atomic or molecular systems. An effective mechanism to explain previously implemented experiments in strongly driven double quantum dots is presented.
We observe dressed states and quantum interference effects in a strongly driven three-level quantum dot ladder system. The effect of a strong coupling field on one dipole transition is measured by a weak probe field on the second dipole transition using differential reflection. When the coupling energy is much larger than both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths an Autler–Townes splitting is observed. Significant differences are observed when the transitions resonant with the strong and weak fields are swapped, particularly when the coupling energy is nearly equal to the measured linewidth. This result is attributed to quantum interference: destructive or constructive interference with modest visibility is observed depending on the pump/probe geometry. The data demonstrate that coherence of both the bi-exciton and the exciton is maintained in this solid-state system, even under intense illumination, which is crucial for prospects in quantum information processing and nonlinear optical devices.
Rabi oscillations of a two-level atom appear as a quantum interference effect between the amplitudes associated with atomic superpositions, in analogy with the classic double-slit experiment which manifests a sinusoidal interference pattern. By extension, through direct detection of time-resolved resonance fluorescence from a quantum-dot neutral exciton driven in the Rabi regime, we experimentally demonstrate triple-slit-type quantum interference via quantum erasure in a V-type three-level artificial atom. This result is of fundamental interest in the experimental studies of the properties of V-type three-level systems and may pave the way for further insight into their coherence properties as well as applications for quantum information schemes. It also suggests quantum dots as candidates for multipath-interference experiments for probing foundational concepts in quantum physics.
A commonly observed quantum-interference phenomenon is Rabi oscillations—understood as a ‘quantum beat’ between two dressed states separated by the Rabi splitting (RS) energy in a driven two-level (artificial) atom [1]. It is a signature of quantum coherence fundamental to the manipulation of atomic qubits in quantum information processing, and has been observed in quantum dots (QDs) (see Ref [2] and references therein). Another quantum-beat phenomenon occurs due to interference between the excited states of a V-type atomic system and has also been observed in the transient decay of QD emission from a suddenly excited neutral exciton state X0—an effective V-type system due to fine-structure splitting (FSS). Despite much related theoretical work and the availability of various platforms in which V-type systems could be realised, the observation of Rabi oscillations in resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven three-level V-type system remains a fundamentally interesting open question. In particular, quantum interference involving both RS and FSS has not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, through detection of time-resolved resonance fluorescence from a QD neutral exciton driven in the Rabi regime (Fig. 1), we experimentally demonstrate triple-slit-type quantum interference in a V-type three-level artificial atom [3]. This result is of fundamental interest in the experimental studies of the properties of V-type systems and may pave the way for further insight into their coherence properties. It also suggests QDs as candidates for multi-path-interference experiments for probing foundational concepts in quantum physics [4]. [1] Haroche, S. & Raimond, J.-M. Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons. OUP Oxford, (2006). [2] Dada, A. C., et al. Optica 3, 493–498 (2016). [3] Dada, A. C., et al. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.02308 (2017). [4] Sinha, U., Couteau, C., Jennewein, T., Laflamme, R., & Weihs, G. Science 329, 418–421 (2010).
A general Floquet approach is used to investigate the nonlinear response of a multilevel quantum system driven by a strong, in general off-resonance, pump field. The response to a weak probe field is studied near the quasienergy interval resonances. A general condition is derived for a phenomenon in which the transition matrix elements for a given pair of Floquet states simultaneously vanish for an infinite number of equally spaced resonances beyond a unique frequency edge. This phenomenon is illustrated with several models involving modulating interactions and possibilities for its observation are analyzed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.