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arXiv:0803.0432 · New Journal of Physics

Dressed excitonic states and quantum interference in a three-level quantum dot ladder system

Brian D. Gerardot, Daniel Brunner, Paul A. Dalgarno, K. Karraï, A. Badolato, Pierre M. Petroff, R. J. Warburton

Published Jan 20, 2009• 46 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We observe dressed states and quantum interference effects in a strongly driven three-level quantum dot ladder system. The effect of a strong coupling field on one dipole transition is measured by a weak probe field on the second dipole transition using differential reflection. When the coupling energy is much larger than both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths an Autler–Townes splitting is observed. Significant differences are observed when the transitions resonant with the strong and weak fields are swapped, particularly when the coupling energy is nearly equal to the measured linewidth. This result is attributed to quantum interference: destructive or constructive interference with modest visibility is observed depending on the pump/probe geometry. The data demonstrate that coherence of both the bi-exciton and the exciton is maintained in this solid-state system, even under intense illumination, which is crucial for prospects in quantum information processing and nonlinear optical devices.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/11/1/013028

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We study experimentally and theoretically a coherently driven strongly coupled quantum dot--microcavity system. Our focus is on physics of the unexplored intermediate excitation regime where the resonant laser field dresses a strongly coupled single exciton-photon (polariton) system resulting in a ladder of laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings states. In that case, both the coupling of the emitter to the confined light field of the microcavity and to the light field of the external laser are equally important, as proved by observation of injection pulling of the polariton branches by an external laser. This intermediate interaction regime is of particular interest since it connects the purely quantum mechanical Jaynes-Cummings ladder and the semiclassical Autler-Townes ladder. Exploring the driving strength dependence of the mutually coupled system we establish the maximum in the resonance fluorescence signal to be a robust fingerprint of the intermediate regime and observe signatures indicating the laser-dressed Jaynes-Cummings ladder. In order to address the underlying physics we excite the coupled system via the matter component of fermionic nature undergoing saturation---in contrast to commonly used cavity-mediated excitation.
Destructive and constructive interference in the Autler–Townes three-level systems is studied in the dressed state basis. The dependence of the interference on the spontaneous emission and dephasing reservoirs is analyzed. The strong field correlates or anti-correlates the random phase caused by the reservoirs. The correlation reduces and the anti-correlation enhances the absorption. Each of the interference pathways is formed by two processes, stimulated absorption and spontaneous emission. The interference effect can be neglected if the Rabi frequency of the strong field is larger than the decay rates.
Abstract Stark splitting and quantum interference effects in the absorption spectrum of a probe field in coherently driven closed upper coupled three level atomic schemes ( and upper-cascade), which are created by a strong driving field are studied using the dressed state representation. In the dressed representation, the absorption due to the Stark splitting can be separated from the absorption due to the interference effects. We explicitly show the presence of both destructive and constructive interference in upper coupled three level atomic schemes. The interference in these atomic schemes is due to the coupling of the two dressed states by the same vacuum modes and the probe. We show that the dephasing rates can change the nature of the interference from constructive to destructive and vice versa, resulting in increased or decreased resonant absorption of the probe field.
We report the observation of dressed states of a quantum dot. The optically excited exciton and biexciton states of the quantum dot are coupled by a strong laser field and the resulting spectral signatures are measured using differential transmission of a probe field. We demonstrate that the anisotropic electron-hole exchange interaction induced splitting between the x- and y-polarized excitonic states can be completely erased by using the ac-Stark effect induced by the coupling field, without causing any appreciable broadening of the spectral lines. We also show that by varying the polarization and strength of a resonant coupling field, we can effectively change the polarization axis of the quantum dot.