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arXiv:1402.1248 · Optics Express

Frequency stabilization of a 369 nm diode laser by nonlinear spectroscopy of Ytterbium ions in a discharge

Michael W. Lee, Marie Claire Jarratt, Christian D. Marciniak, Michael J. Biercuk

Published Mar 19, 2014• 18 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate stabilization of an ultraviolet diode laser via Doppler-free spectroscopy of Ytterbium ions in a discharge. Our technique employs polarization spectroscopy, which produces a natural dispersive lineshape whose zero-crossing is largely immune to environmental drifts, making this signal an ideal absolute frequency reference for Yb+ ion trapping experiments. We stabilize an external-cavity diode laser near 369 nm for cooling Yb+ ions, using amplitude modulated polarization spectroscopy and a commercial PID feedback system. We achieve stable, low-drift locking with a standard deviation of measured laser frequency ∼ 400 kHz over 10 minutes, limited by the instantaneous linewidth of the diode laser. These results and the simplicity of our optical setup makes our approach attractive for stabilization of laser sources in atomic physics applications.

DOI
10.1364/oe.22.007210

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We demonstrate stabilization of an ultraviolet diode laser via Doppler-free spectroscopy of Ytterbium ions in a discharge. Our technique employs polarization spectroscopy, which produces a natural dispersive lineshape whose zero-crossing is largely immune to environmental drifts, making this signal an ideal absolute frequency reference for Yb+ ion trapping experiments. We stabilize an external-cavity diode laser near 369 nm for cooling Yb+ ions, using amplitude modulated polarization spectroscopy and a commercial PID feedback system. We achieve stable, low-drift locking with a standard deviation of measured laser frequency ∼ 400 kHz over 10 minutes, limited by the instantaneous linewidth of the diode laser. These results and the simplicity of our optical setup makes our approach attractive for stabilization of laser sources in atomic physics applications.
Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realised by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analysing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show the use of polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for isotope selectively loading of 171^{171}171Yb+^++, 172^{172}172Yb+^++, or 174^{174}174Yb+^++ ions into an RF Paul trap.
We stabilize an ultraviolet diode laser system at 369.5 nm to the optical absorption signal from Yb+ ions in a hollow-cathode discharge lamp. The error signal for stabilization is obtained by Zeeman spectroscopy of the 3 GHz wide absorption feature. The frequency stability is independently measured by comparison to the fluorescence signal from a laser-cooled crystal of Y174b+ ions in a linear Paul trap. We measure a frequency fluctuation of 1.7 MHz over 1000 s and a frequency drift of 20 MHz over 7 days. Our method is suitable for use in quantum information processing experiments with trapped ion crystals.
We develop a high-performance ultraviolet (UV) frequency stabilization technique implemented directly on UV diode lasers by combining the dichroic atomic vapor laser lock and the resonant transfer cavity lock. As an example, we demonstrate a stable locking with measured frequency standard deviations of approximately 200 kHz and 300 kHz for 399 nm and 370 nm diode lasers in 20 min. We achieve a long-term frequency drift of no more than 1 MHz for the target 370 nm laser within an hour, which is further verified with fluorescence count rates of a single trapped 171Yb+ ion. We also find strong linear correlations between lock points and environmental factors such as temperature and atmospheric pressure. Our approach provides a simple and stable solution at a relatively low cost, and features flexible control, high feedback bandwidth and minimal power consumption of the target UV laser.
This project sets out to frequency stabilize external cavity diode lasers of wavelengths λ = 935 nm and 739 nm, with an eye to Ytterbium-171 ion trapping.The desired laser linewidths were below 1 MHz at 1 second observation time and the desired long term frequency drifts were below a megahertz over the course of a few hours.To stabilize the lasers, two Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilisation systems were designed, constructed and characterized.The optical frequency references used were sub-megahertz linewidth optical cavities with Invar spacers.These cavities were designed and constructed inhouse.The achieved long term stability of the stabilized lasers was 1 MHz/h over a 5 hour measurement period.The laser frequency long term stabilities are limited by the thermal stabilities of the cavity spacers.The post stabilisation laser frequency noise was lowered when compared to the free running lasers.This was observed by determining the laser frequency noise power spectral densities.From the frequency noise power spectral densities lower bounds on the locked laser linewidths were established.This lower bound is 11.92 kHz for the 739 nm wavelength laser at 1 second observation time and 5.4 kHz for the 935 nm wavelength laser.An additional system was designed and constructed ii
We present a scheme for stabilizing multiple lasers at wavelengths between 795 and 866 nm to the same atomic reference line. A reference laser at 852 nm is stabilized to the Cs D 2 line using a Doppler-free frequency modulation technique. Through transfer cavities, four lasers are stabilized to the relevant atomic transitions in 40 Ca + . The rms linewidth of a transfer-locked laser is measured to be 123 kHz over 200 ms with respect to an independent atomic reference, the Rb D 1 line. This stability is confirmed by the comparison of an excitation spectrum of a single 40 Ca + ion to an eight-level Bloch equation model. The long-term stability with respect to the same reference is measured to be 130 kHz over a period of 2 h. The high degree of stability is demonstrated by the measured Allan deviation around 10 −11 between 1 and 100 s.