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arXiv:1312.4462

Inseparability criteria based on bipartitions of $N$-spin systems

Asoka Biswas

Published Dec 16, 2013• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present a new set of inseparabilty inequalities to detect entanglement in $N$-spin states. These are based on negative partial transposition and involve collective spin-spin correlations of any two partitions of the entire system. They also reveal the rich texture of partial separability for different partition and can discriminate between GHZ-type and W-type entanglement, as well. We introduce a new concept of relative entanglement of two different systems and two different partitions in a spin-ensemble. These criteria can be applicable to non-symmetric states and states with odd or even $N$.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1312.4462

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Inseparability criteria based on bipartitions of NNN-spin systems
We present a new set of inseparabilty inequalities to detect entanglement in NNN-spin states. These are based on negative partial transposition and involve collective spin-spin correlations of any two partitions of the entire system. They also reveal the rich texture of partial separability for different partition and can discriminate between GHZ-type and W-type entanglement, as well. We introduce a new concept of relative entanglement of two different systems and two different partitions in a spin-ensemble. These criteria can be applicable to non-symmetric states and states with odd or even NNN.
We derive conditions in the form of inequalities to detect the genuine NNN-partite entanglement of NNN systems. The inequalities are expressed in terms of variances of spin operators and can be tested by local spin measurements performed on the individual systems. Violation of the inequalities is sufficient (but not necessary) to certify the multipartite entanglement and occurs when a type of spin squeezing is created. The inequalities are similar to those derived for continuous-variable systems, but instead are based on the Heisenberg spin-uncertainty relation $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{J}_{x}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{J}_{y}\ensuremath{\ge}|\ensuremath{\langle}{J}_{z}\ensuremath{\rangle}|/2$. We also extend previous work to derive spin-variance inequalities that certify the full tripartite inseparability or genuine multipartite entanglement among systems with fixed spin JJJ, as in Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) states and W states where J=1/2J=1/2J=1/2. These inequalities are derived from the planar spin-uncertainty relation ${(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{J}_{x})}^{2}+{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{J}_{y})}^{2}\ensuremath{\ge}{C}_{J}$ where CJ{C}_{J}CJ​ is a constant for each JJJ. Finally, it is shown how the inequalities detect multipartite entanglement based on Stokes operators. We illustrate with experiments that create entanglement shared among separated atomic ensembles, polarization-entangled optical modes, and the clouds of atoms of an expanding spin-squeezed Bose-Einstein condensate. For each example, we give a criterion to certify the mutual entanglement.
We explore the subtle relationships between partial separability and entanglement of subsystems in multiqubit quantum states and give experimentally accessible conditions that distinguish between various classes and levels of partial separability in a hierarchical order. These conditions take the form of bounds on the correlations of locally orthogonal observables. Violations of such inequalities give strong sufficient criteria for various forms of partial inseparability and multiqubit entanglement. The strength of these criteria is illustrated by showing that they are stronger than several other well-known entanglement criteria (the fidelity criterion, violation of Mermin-type separability inequalities, the Laskowski-\ifmmode \dot{Z}\else \.{Z}\fi{}ukowski criterion, and the D\"ur-Cirac criterion) and also by showing their great noise robustness for a variety of multiqubit states, including NNN-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and Dicke states. Furthermore, for $N\ensuremath{\geqslant}3$ they can detect bound entangled states. For all these states, the required number of measurement settings for implementation of the entanglement criteria is shown to be only N+1N+1N+1. If one chooses the familiar Pauli matrices as single-qubit observables, the inequalities take the form of bounds on the antidiagonal matrix elements of a state in terms of its diagonal matrix elements.
We investigate classification and detection of entanglement of multipartite quantum states in a very general setting, and obtain efficient kkk-separability criteria for mixed multipartite states in arbitrary dimensional quantum systems. These criteria can be used to distinguish n−1n-1n−1 different classes of multipartite inseparable states and can detect many important multipartite entangled states such as GHZ states, W states, anti W states, and mixtures thereof. They detect kkk-nonseparable nnn-partite quantum states which have previously not been identified. Here k=2,3,⋯ ,nk=2,3,\cdots,nk=2,3,⋯,n. No optimization or eigenvalue evaluation is needed, and our criteria can be evaluated by simple computations involving components of the density matrix. Most importantly, they can be implemented in today's experiments by using at most O(n2)\mathcal{O}(n^2)O(n2) local measurements.
We study entanglement in mixed bipartite quantum states which are invariant under simultaneous SU(2) transformations in both subsystems. Previous results on the behavior of such states under partial transposition are substantially extended. The spectrum of the partial transpose of a given SU(2)-invariant density matrix $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is entirely determined by the diagonal elements of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ in a basis of tensor-product states of both spins with respect to a common quantization axis. We construct a set of operators which act as entanglement witnesses on SU(2)-invariant states. A sufficient criterion for $\ensuremath{\rho}$ having a negative partial transpose is derived in terms of a simple spin correlator. The same condition is a necessary criterion for the partial transpose to have the maximum number of negative eigenvalues. Moreover, we derive a series of sum rules which uniquely determine the eigenvalues of the partial transpose in terms of a system of linear equations. Finally we compare our findings with other entanglement criteria including the reduction criterion, the majorization criterion, and the recently proposed local uncertainty relations.
We show that higher order intergroup covariances involving even number of qubits are necessarily positive semidefinite for N-qubit separable states, which are completely symmetric under permutations of the qubits. This identification leads to a family of sufficient conditions of inseparability based on the negativity of 2kth order intergroup covariance matrices (2k</=N) of symmetric N-qubit systems. These conditions have a simple structure and detect entanglement in all even partitions of the symmetric multiqubit system. The observables involved are feasible experimental quantities and do not demand full state determination through quantum state tomography.