From the hypotheses that the position-representation of a physical state is the Fourier transform of its momentum-representation and that the timerepresentation is the inverse Fourier transform of its energy-representation, we are able to obtain the Planck relation E = hν , the de Broglie relation p = h /λ , the Dirac fundamental commutation relation, the Schr?dinger equations, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, and the annihilation/creation of a photon from excitation/de-excitation of an atom following Bohr.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a consequence of the postulate that coordinate and momentum representations are related to each other by the Fourier transform. This postulate has been accepted from the beginning of quantum theory by analogy with classical electrodynamics. We argue that the postulate is based neither on strong theoretical arguments nor on experimental data. A position operator proposed in our recent publication resolves inconsis-tencies of standard approach and sheds a new light on important problems of quantum theory. We do not assume that the reader is an expert in the given field and the content of the paper can be understood by a wide audience of physicists.
Quantum states can be represented mathematically in different ways, depending on the chosen basis states. For example, position-based states have a definite position but an indefinite momentum, while momentum-based states have a definite momentum but an indefinite position.The Fourier transform is a mathematical operation that converts a quantum state from its position-space representation to its momentum-space representation, and vice versa. This transformation allows a function to be expressed in a different domain.This paper examines the concept and characteristics of the momentum-space representation of a quantum state and compares it to the position-space representation. Additionally, we investigate the applications and benefits of using the momentum-space representation to solve certain issues in quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanical descriptions in terms of momentum and position are identified as alternatives under the condition of equal complex-vaulted Lebesgue square integrability. While this does not change any of the formal results obtained in quantum mechanics, it does shed a different interpretive light on the steps that lead up to these results. Instead of being independent, even in concept, momentum and position are identified as being the same thing, merely seen from different views. Neither is required to complement the descriptive capability of the other, since each forms a complete alternative in its own right. Apparent complementarity, as well as mutual indeterminacy of codescription, comes about whenever an attempt is made to overlap these two descriptions to form a third codescription which tries to maintain both the terminology and the net integration values of the separate alternatives. Noncommutation of associated operators is a direct consequence of the alternative nature of momentum and position, and the local to global character of the particular map between these alternatives leads to an apparent point-wave duality in their descriptions. It is suggested that challenges to the contemporary interpretation of quantum theory should begin with the assumptions that lead to its formulation involving alternative representations.
Based on the hypothesis that the position-representation of a physical state <x|
α> is the Fourier transform of its momentum-representation <P|
α> and that the time-representation <t|
α> is the inverse Fourier transform of its energy-representation <E|
α>, we are able to find the Planck relation E = hv, the de Broglie relation P =
λh. Afterward, utilizing the Dirac delta function
δ(x) and the property FTxf(x) = -i
ℏ∂, pFTxf(x) = -i
ℏ∂, pF(p) we obtain the links between operators in ordinary and Hilbert spaces leading to the Dirac fundamental commutation relation [
p^,x^] = -i
ℏI^, the Schrödinger equations, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, the annihilation & creation of a photon from excitation & de-excitation of an atom according to Bohr.