arXiv:1309.6703 · Scientific Reports

Efficient spectral hole-burning and atomic frequency comb storage in Nd3+:YLiF4

Zong‐Quan Zhou, Jian Wang, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Sep 25, 2013• 8 citations

Abstract

We present spectral hole-burning measurements of the (4)I9/2 → (4)F3/2 transition in Nd(3+):YLiF4. The isotope shifts of Nd(3+) can be directly resolved in the optical absorption spectrum. We report atomic frequency comb storage with an echo efficiency of up to 35% and a memory bandwidth of 60 MHz in this material. The interesting properties show the potential of this material for use in both quantum and classical information processing.

DOI: 10.1038/srep02754

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arXiv:1309.6703 · Scientific Reports

Efficient spectral hole-burning and atomic frequency comb storage in Nd3+:YLiF4

Zong‐Quan Zhou, Jian Wang, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Sep 25, 2013• 8 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.1038/srep02754

Related papers

Spectral hole-burning spectroscopy in Nd 3 + : Y V O 4

Sara R. Hastings-Simon, Mikael Afzelius, Jiří Minář +9 more

We present spectral hole-burning measurements on the $879\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ , $^{4}I_{9∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}F_{3∕2}$ transition in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ . We observe antiholes in the spectrum along with long lived spectral holes, which demonstrates optical pumping between the ground state Zeeman levels. The spectral holes are narrow (homogeneous linewidth of $63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$ ) at $2.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with a $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ applied magnetic field. We also perform preliminary spectral tailoring in this material by creating a $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ wide transmission window in the inhomogeneous absorption. These results show the potential of the Zeeman levels in Nd doped materials to be used for spectral tailoring for quantum and classical information processing.We present spectral hole-burning measurements on the $879\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, $^{4}I_{9∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}F_{3∕2}$ transition in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. We observe antiholes in the spectrum along with long lived spectral holes, which demonstrates optical pumping between the ground state Zeeman levels. The spectral holes are narrow (homogeneous linewidth of $63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$) at $2.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with a $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ applied magnetic field. We also perform preliminary spectral tailoring in this material by creating a $40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ wide transmission window in the inhomogeneous absorption. These results show the potential of the Zeeman levels in Nd doped materials to be used for spectral tailoring for quantum and classical information processing.

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Abstract We implemented the atomic frequency comb protocol for optical quantum memory in an isotopically pure crystal of Y 7 LiF 4 doped by 143 Nd 3+ ions. Echo signals were observed on the 4 I 9/2 (1)– 4 F 3/2 (1) transition, which had inhomogeneous broadening much smaller than the hyperfine splitting of the ground and excited states. We performed hole-burning spectroscopy measurements on several transitions, obtaining information about the hyperfine state lifetimes. An intrinsic hole structure was found on some of the transitions, which allowed us to prepare a comb structure with two clearly defined periods and to observe echo pulses with different time delays.Abstract We implemented the atomic frequency comb protocol for optical quantum memory in an isotopically pure crystal of Y 7 LiF 4 doped by 143 Nd 3+ ions. Echo signals were observed on the 4 I 9/2 (1)– 4 F 3/2 (1) transition, which had inhomogeneous broadening much smaller than the hyperfine splitting of the ground and excited states. We performed hole-burning spectroscopy measurements on several transitions, obtaining information about the hyperfine state lifetimes. An intrinsic hole structure was found on some of the transitions, which allowed us to prepare a comb structure with two clearly defined periods and to observe echo pulses with different time delays.

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Abstract In this work we present an implementation of cavity-assisted atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory protocol in an isotopically pure 143 Nd 3+ :YLiF 4 crystal. We use a tunable confocal Fabry–Perot cavity that is placed inside the cryostat. For a 1 mm thick sample with optical depth of 0.2 we obtain total storage efficiency of 3%, which is a 15-fold enhancement compared to the no cavity case. The memory bandwidth is limited by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition and allows us to store short 30 ns pulses.Abstract In this work we present an implementation of cavity-assisted atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory protocol in an isotopically pure 143 Nd 3+ :YLiF 4 crystal. We use a tunable confocal Fabry–Perot cavity that is placed inside the cryostat. For a 1 mm thick sample with optical depth of 0.2 we obtain total storage efficiency of 3%, which is a 15-fold enhancement compared to the no cavity case. The memory bandwidth is limited by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition and allows us to store short 30 ns pulses.

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Spectral hole burning by population storage in Zeeman sublevels of LaFsub3: Nd3+

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We demonstrate a new mechanism for optical spectral hole burning in which population is stored in electronic Zeeman sublevels. This is shown by optical pumping the ground-state Kramers doublet of the $^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{H}}_{11/2}$ (6248.9 A\r{}) and $^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{G}}_{5/2}$ (5777.1 A\r{}) transitions of ${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$ : ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ with a narrow-band cw dye laser. Experiments were carried out at 1.6 K in external fields of \ensuremath{\sim}100 G. The Zeeman shift of the resulting antiholes and holes makes an assignment of these structures possible. Hole recovery times of hundreds of milliseconds are shorter than expected at these low temperatures and fields and provide evidence for optical spectral diffusion caused by mutual spin flips in the ground state.We demonstrate a new mechanism for optical spectral hole burning in which population is stored in electronic Zeeman sublevels. This is shown by optical pumping the ground-state Kramers doublet of the $^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{11/2}$ (6248.9 A\r{}) and $^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{4}$${\mathrm{G}}_{5/2}$ (5777.1 A\r{}) transitions of ${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ with a narrow-band cw dye laser. Experiments were carried out at 1.6 K in external fields of \ensuremath{\sim}100 G. The Zeeman shift of the resulting antiholes and holes makes an assignment of these structures possible. Hole recovery times of hundreds of milliseconds are shorter than expected at these low temperatures and fields and provide evidence for optical spectral diffusion caused by mutual spin flips in the ground state.

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Spectroscopic investigations of Eu 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 for quantum memory applications

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Rare-earth-ion-doped solids are promising materials as light-matter interfaces for quantum applications. Europium doped into an yttrium orthosilicate crystal in particular has interesting coherence properties and a suitable ground-state energy-level structure for a quantum memory for light. In this paper we report on spectroscopic investigations of this material from the perspective of implementing an atomic frequency comb (AFC)-type quantum memory with spin-wave storage. For this goal we determine the order of the hyperfine levels in the ${}^{7}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{F}_{0}$ ground state and ${}^{5}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{D}_{0}$ excited state, and we measure the relative strengths of the optical transitions between these levels. We also apply spectral hole burning techniques in order to prepare the system as a well-defined $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system, as required for further quantum memory experiments. Furthermore, we measure the optical Rabi frequency on one of the strongest hyperfine transitions, a crucial experimental parameter for the AFC protocol. From this we also obtain a value for the transition dipole moment which is consistent with that obtained from absorption measurements.Rare-earth-ion-doped solids are promising materials as light-matter interfaces for quantum applications. Europium doped into an yttrium orthosilicate crystal in particular has interesting coherence properties and a suitable ground-state energy-level structure for a quantum memory for light. In this paper we report on spectroscopic investigations of this material from the perspective of implementing an atomic frequency comb (AFC)-type quantum memory with spin-wave storage. For this goal we determine the order of the hyperfine levels in the ${}^{7}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{F}_{0}$ ground state and ${}^{5}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{D}_{0}$ excited state, and we measure the relative strengths of the optical transitions between these levels. We also apply spectral hole burning techniques in order to prepare the system as a well-defined $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system, as required for further quantum memory experiments. Furthermore, we measure the optical Rabi frequency on one of the strongest hyperfine transitions, a crucial experimental parameter for the AFC protocol. From this we also obtain a value for the transition dipole moment which is consistent with that obtained from absorption measurements.

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Optical measurement of the isotope shifts and hyperfine and superhyperfine interactions of Nd in the solid state

R. M. Macfarlane, Richard S. Meltzer, Malkin Boris Zalmanovich

We report the observation of optically resolved isotope, hyperfine, and superhyperfine structure in the spectrum of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in ${\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4},$ isotopically pure in ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}.$ This observation was made on the ${(4f}^{3}\ensuremath{-}{4f}^{3}),$ ${}^{4}{I}_{9/2}{(1)}^{4}{F}_{3/2}(1)$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions present as impurities at ppm levels. The optical linewidths of the transitions of the even mass number isotopes, ${}^{142}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{144}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{146}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{148}\mathrm{Nd},$ and ${}^{150}\mathrm{Nd},$ are only 45 MHz which makes it very easy to resolve the isotope shift of 115 MHz/unit mass. The hyperfine structure of the two odd mass number isotopes, ${}^{143}\mathrm{Nd}$ and ${}^{145}\mathrm{Nd},$ are resolved and the hyperfine parameters are determined in both the ground and electronically excited states. Some of the transitions have linewidths as narrow as 10 MHz. These are the narrowest optical inhomogeneous linewidths observed in solids. In addition, each even isotope line is split by 30 MHz. The observed splitting is assigned to a superhyperfine coupling between ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ and its nearest-neighbor fluorine nuclei. Here, a superhyperfine splitting has been resolved in an optical spectrum. The optical line shapes for the even isotopes are calculated as the sum of all transitions between the superhyperfine components $({\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ with its eight nearest-neighbor F nuclei) of the ground and excited electronic states, considering both magnetic dipole-dipole (including spin-transfer contributions) and contact interactions. The results are in quantitative agreement with experiment.We report the observation of optically resolved isotope, hyperfine, and superhyperfine structure in the spectrum of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions in ${\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4},$ isotopically pure in ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}.$ This observation was made on the ${(4f}^{3}\ensuremath{-}{4f}^{3}),$ ${}^{4}{I}_{9/2}{(1)}^{4}{F}_{3/2}(1)$ transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions present as impurities at ppm levels. The optical linewidths of the transitions of the even mass number isotopes, ${}^{142}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{144}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{146}\mathrm{Nd},$ ${}^{148}\mathrm{Nd},$ and ${}^{150}\mathrm{Nd},$ are only 45 MHz which makes it very easy to resolve the isotope shift of 115 MHz/unit mass. The hyperfine structure of the two odd mass number isotopes, ${}^{143}\mathrm{Nd}$ and ${}^{145}\mathrm{Nd},$ are resolved and the hyperfine parameters are determined in both the ground and electronically excited states. Some of the transitions have linewidths as narrow as 10 MHz. These are the narrowest optical inhomogeneous linewidths observed in solids. In addition, each even isotope line is split by 30 MHz. The observed splitting is assigned to a superhyperfine coupling between ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ and its nearest-neighbor fluorine nuclei. Here, a superhyperfine splitting has been resolved in an optical spectrum. The optical line shapes for the even isotopes are calculated as the sum of all transitions between the superhyperfine components $({\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ with its eight nearest-neighbor F nuclei) of the ground and excited electronic states, considering both magnetic dipole-dipole (including spin-transfer contributions) and contact interactions. The results are in quantitative agreement with experiment.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterSep 1, 199864 citations

We present spectral hole-burning measurements on the

879\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}

, $^{4}I_{9∕2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}F_{3∕2}$ transition in

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}

. We observe antiholes in the spectrum along with long lived spectral holes, which demonstrates optical pumping between the ground state Zeeman levels. The spectral holes are narrow (homogeneous linewidth of

63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}

) at

2.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}

with a

300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}

applied magnetic field. We also perform preliminary spectral tailoring in this material by creating a

40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}

wide transmission window in the inhomogeneous absorption. These results show the potential of the Zeeman levels in Nd doped materials to be used for spectral tailoring for quantum and classical information processing.

We demonstrate a new mechanism for optical spectral hole burning in which population is stored in electronic Zeeman sublevels. This is shown by optical pumping the ground-state Kramers doublet of the

^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$

{\mathrm{H}}_{11/2}

(6248.9 A\r{}) and

^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{4}$

{\mathrm{G}}_{5/2}

(5777.1 A\r{}) transitions of

{\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

with a narrow-band cw dye laser. Experiments were carried out at 1.6 K in external fields of \ensuremath{\sim}100 G. The Zeeman shift of the resulting antiholes and holes makes an assignment of these structures possible. Hole recovery times of hundreds of milliseconds are shorter than expected at these low temperatures and fields and provide evidence for optical spectral diffusion caused by mutual spin flips in the ground state.

{}^{7}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{F}_{0}

ground state and

{}^{5}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{D}_{0}

excited state, and we measure the relative strengths of the optical transitions between these levels. We also apply spectral hole burning techniques in order to prepare the system as a well-defined $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system, as required for further quantum memory experiments. Furthermore, we measure the optical Rabi frequency on one of the strongest hyperfine transitions, a crucial experimental parameter for the AFC protocol. From this we also obtain a value for the transition dipole moment which is consistent with that obtained from absorption measurements.

We report the observation of optically resolved isotope, hyperfine, and superhyperfine structure in the spectrum of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

ions in

{\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4},

isotopically pure in

{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}.

This observation was made on the ${(4f}^{3}\ensuremath{-}{4f}^{3}),$

{}^{4}{I}_{9/2}{(1)}^{4}{F}_{3/2}(1)

transition of

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

ions present as impurities at ppm levels. The optical linewidths of the transitions of the even mass number isotopes,

{}^{142}\mathrm{Nd},

{}^{144}\mathrm{Nd},

{}^{146}\mathrm{Nd},

{}^{148}\mathrm{Nd},

and

{}^{150}\mathrm{Nd},

are only 45 MHz which makes it very easy to resolve the isotope shift of 115 MHz/unit mass. The hyperfine structure of the two odd mass number isotopes,

{}^{143}\mathrm{Nd}

and

{}^{145}\mathrm{Nd},

are resolved and the hyperfine parameters are determined in both the ground and electronically excited states. Some of the transitions have linewidths as narrow as 10 MHz. These are the narrowest optical inhomogeneous linewidths observed in solids. In addition, each even isotope line is split by 30 MHz. The observed splitting is assigned to a superhyperfine coupling between

{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

and its nearest-neighbor fluorine nuclei. Here, a superhyperfine splitting has been resolved in an optical spectrum. The optical line shapes for the even isotopes are calculated as the sum of all transitions between the superhyperfine components

({\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}

with its eight nearest-neighbor F nuclei) of the ground and excited electronic states, considering both magnetic dipole-dipole (including spin-transfer contributions) and contact interactions. The results are in quantitative agreement with experiment.