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Laser Physics Letters

Cavity-assisted atomic frequency comb memory in an isotopically pure 143 Nd 3+ :YLiF 4 crystal

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, Л. А. Гущин, А. А. Калачев, Н. А. Низов, В. А. Низов, D. A. Sobgayda, I. V. Zelensky

Published Oct 13, 2016• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this work we present an implementation of cavity-assisted atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory protocol in an isotopically pure 143 Nd 3+ :YLiF 4 crystal. We use a tunable confocal Fabry–Perot cavity that is placed inside the cryostat. For a 1 mm thick sample with optical depth of 0.2 we obtain total storage efficiency of 3%, which is a 15-fold enhancement compared to the no cavity case. The memory bandwidth is limited by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition and allows us to store short 30 ns pulses.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/13/11/115203

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Abstract In this work we present an implementation of cavity-assisted atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory protocol in an isotopically pure 143 Nd 3+ :YLiF 4 crystal. We use a tunable confocal Fabry–Perot cavity that is placed inside the cryostat. For a 1 mm thick sample with optical depth of 0.2 we obtain total storage efficiency of 3%, which is a 15-fold enhancement compared to the no cavity case. The memory bandwidth is limited by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition and allows us to store short 30 ns pulses.
Abstract We implemented the atomic frequency comb protocol for optical quantum memory in an isotopically pure crystal of Y 7 LiF 4 doped by 143 Nd 3+ ions. Echo signals were observed on the 4 I 9/2 (1)– 4 F 3/2 (1) transition, which had inhomogeneous broadening much smaller than the hyperfine splitting of the ground and excited states. We performed hole-burning spectroscopy measurements on several transitions, obtaining information about the hyperfine state lifetimes. An intrinsic hole structure was found on some of the transitions, which allowed us to prepare a comb structure with two clearly defined periods and to observe echo pulses with different time delays.
High-efficiency optical storage in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals is challenging because of their typically weak optical absorption,which makes cavity-enhanced memories highly sensitive to parasitic intracavity loss. Here we demonstrate a 90.1(5)% storage efficiency for coherent optical pulses in an impedance-matched cavity atomic-frequency-comb memory based on Eu3+:Y2SiO5. The Brewster-angle configuration of the crystal and fully cryogenic Fabry-Pérot cavity reduce the round-trip intracavity loss to 0.37%. Quantitative modeling shows that further improvement is limited primarily by AFC preparation and its associated dispersive response rather than by residual cavity loss,identifying the principal requirements for further approaching unity efficiency.
We experimentally study a broadband implementation of the atomic frequency comb (AFC) rephasing protocol with a cryogenically cooled P r 3 + : Y 2 S i O 5 crystal. To allow for storage of broadband pulses, we explore a novel, to the best of our knowledge, regime where the input photonic bandwidth closely matches the inhomogeneous broadening of the material ( ∼ 5 G H z ) , thereby significantly exceeding the hyperfine ground and excited state splitting ( ∼ 10 M H z ) . Through an investigation of different AFC preparation parameters, we measure a maximum efficiency of 10% after a rephasing time of 12.5 ns. With a suboptimal AFC, we witness up to 12 rephased temporal modes.
In an isotopically pure 143Nd3+:Y7LiF4 crystal we demonstrate an optical quantum memory on a single photon level using the atomic frequency comb memory protocol. Using weakened laser pulses we demonstrate storage efficiency of 6.5% with the storage time of ∼ \sim ∼ 60 ns and signal to noise ratio of around 3.
We demonstrated a highly efficient optical memory operation using an atomic frequency comb (AFC) created from a spectrally flattened optical frequency comb with an isotopically pure 167 Er 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal under zero magnetic field. Compared with standard AFC creation methods such as pulse train method, our method, called comb transfer method, can create a broadband and high-efficiency AFC at lower power and with less effort. This technique can make a significant improvement in the quality of AFCs in crystals doped with low concentrations of rare-earth ions.
We report on the experimental demonstration of an optical spin-wave memory, based on the atomic frequency comb (AFC) scheme, where the storage efficiency is strongly enhanced by an optical cavity. The cavity is of low finesse, but operated in an impedance matching regime to achieve high absorption in our intrinsically low-absorbing Eu 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal. For storage of optical pulses as an optical excitation (AFC echoes), we reach efficiencies of 53% and 28% for 2 μ s and 10 μ s delays, respectively. For a complete AFC spin-wave memory we reach an efficiency of 12%, including spin-wave dephasing, which is a 12-fold increase with respect to previous results in this material. This result is an important step towards the goal of making efficient and long-lived quantum memories based on spin waves, in the context of quantum repeaters and quantum networks.