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arXiv:1302.1976

Raman and non Raman EIT resonances in a degenerate four level system

Haji Ahmedov, Cengiz Birlikseven

Published Feb 8, 2013• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study coherence effects in an atom having three metastable levels and single life-time broadened upper state. Two laser fields couple ground states to an excited one and an radio-frequency (rf) field operates between ground state levels. We consider the case when the common level for the rf-field and one of the laser field (to which we refer as the probing field) transitions is twice degenerate. We predict a novel type of dark states (we call them non Raman dark states), which in contrary to Raman resonances, do not require the fulfillment of the two-photon resonance condition. We realize the configuration in the atomic hydrogen and show that non Raman resonances are determined by the geometry of the rf and probing field's polarizations. For ultra-cold atoms non Raman resonances arise when the polarization vectors of the fields are parallel or perpendicular to each other. For an atomic gas at room temperatures electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances associated with Raman and non Raman dark states are studied by taking into account spin-exchange relaxation in the ground state of the hydrogen atom. We establish properties of non Raman dark states by investigating the relation of EIT resonances to the polarization geometry.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1302.1976

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We study coherence effects in an atom having three metastable levels and single life-time broadened upper state. Two laser fields couple ground states to an excited one and an radio-frequency (rf) field operates between ground state levels. We consider the case when the common level for the rf-field and one of the laser field (to which we refer as the probing field) transitions is twice degenerate. We predict a novel type of dark states (we call them non Raman dark states), which in contrary to Raman resonances, do not require the fulfillment of the two-photon resonance condition. We realize the configuration in the atomic hydrogen and show that non Raman resonances are determined by the geometry of the rf and probing field's polarizations. For ultra-cold atoms non Raman resonances arise when the polarization vectors of the fields are parallel or perpendicular to each other. For an atomic gas at room temperatures electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances associated with Raman and non Raman dark states are studied by taking into account spin-exchange relaxation in the ground state of the hydrogen atom. We establish properties of non Raman dark states by investigating the relation of EIT resonances to the polarization geometry.
The effect of self-induced transparency (SIT) for probe field in the N-type atoms is predicted. The two ground states of atoms are coupled via two photon Raman transitions by means of probe and driving fields, which are strongly detuned from one photon resonance, while the probe field is also resonantly connected to third optical transition from the second ground state. It is found that the probe absorption features the Doppler profile in dependence on Raman detuning δ with a narrow deep for small values of δ. However, in the vicinity of δ=0, an ultra-narrow EIT resonance with subnatural width is observed caused by the probe field itself. The effect is explored analytically and numerically. A scheme is elaborated to demonstrate the SIT experimentally in the alkali vapors at room temperatures.
It is well known that ultranarrow electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances can be observed in atomic gases at room temperature. We report here the experimental observation of another type of ultranarrow resonance, as narrow as the EIT ones, in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system selected by light polarization in metastable 4{}^{4}4He at room temperature. It is shown to be due to coherent population oscillations in an open two-level system (TLS). For perpendicular linearly polarized coupling and probe beams, this system can be considered as two coupled open TLSs, in which the ground-state populations exhibit antiphase oscillations. We also predict theoretically that in the case of two parallel polarizations, the system would behave like a closed TLS, and the narrow resonance associated with these oscillations would disappear.
We initially discuss the theory of three-level systems using the dressed state formalism. One of the dressed states, containing a ground state and a Rydberg state, does not couple with the probe laser; thus, the medium becomes transparent to the latter. This phenomenon is known as electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) and this dressed state is known as a Rydberg dark state. We show that EIT can be used to extract the reduced dipole matrix element for transitions to a Rydberg state. However, a prob- lem with three-level Rydberg EIT in a vapour cell is the occurrence of space charges caused by photoelectric ionisation of Rb metal deposited inside the cell. To avoid this problem, we consider adding a third laser resonant with a fourth level. This is to avoid using the laser whose wavelength is less than the threshold wavelength. In cold atoms, the effect of the third laser is to split the usual EIT resonance into a doublet. In thermal atoms, we observe narrow features due to electromagnetically induced absorption and electro- magnetically induced transparency in the Doppler-free configuration. Next we consider the action of a far off-resonance radio frequency (rf) field in the three-level system. We demonstrate the formation of rf-dressed EIT reso- nances in a thermal Rb vapour and show that such states exhibit enhanced sensitivity to dc electric fields compared to their bare counterparts. Fitting the corresponding EIT profile enables precise measurements of the dc field in- dependent of laser frequency fluctuations. We further investigate the theory of rf-dressed Rydberg EIT using the Floquet approach in order to understand the formation of the sideband structure of the Rydberg state. We find that if the time scale of the rf interaction is much shorter than that of the system evolution and decoherence, the sideband structure is well resolved. We also show that the intermediate state exhibits a sideband structure, induced by the Rydberg state, when the Rabi frequency of coupling laser is larger than twice the modulation frequency. Finally we consider resonant microwave cou- pling between the Rydberg states which leads to an Autler-Townes splitting of the EIT resonance in cold atoms. This splitting can be employed to vary the group index by ±10^5 allowing independent control of the absorptive and dispersive properties of the medium, i.e., one can switch the transparency of the medium or control the group velocity of a pulse propagation by tuning on and off the microwave field.
Summary form only given. Dark states are coherent superpositions of metastable states in multilevel systems that can be generated by a pair of electromagnetic fields (e.g. by probe and pump fields), but are not coupled by the fields. As a rule, any perturbations of such a state are undesirable, since they result in reduction of coherence. However, it has been recently predicted that coherent perturbation of the dark state does not necessarily lead to simple destruction of coherence. In the case when a third meta-stable state coupled by a weak radio frequency (RF) field additional sharp resonances on the spectrum displaying electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT, dashed line) have been predicted. This phenomenon is a generalization of the well-known EIT concept to higher-order hyper-Raman transitions.
A near-resonant rf field pumping the hyperfine transition between the two ground states of a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-shaped dark resonance leads to a resonance tripling, each component displaying electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We investigate the three resonances under high spectral and temporal resolution. The triplet formation is analogous to that of the Mollow triplet but distinct in that the role played by the spontaneous emission rate is now taken by the one-photon scattering rate of the optical Raman transition. Complex phase relations exist between the three em fields under EIT conditions. We explain our observations using numerical solutions of the quantum master equation as well as a simple analytical dressed-state model.
We study the propagation of coherent light pulses in a medium of three-level atoms with degenerate ground- and excited-state sublevels in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-type configuration. Both the strong control field and the weak probe pulse have elliptical polarization, which gives rise to concurrent multipath couplings between the ground-state sublevels and the auxiliary stable state. We derive the probe field susceptibility and show that in general, the probe field propagates in two separate polarization modes, one of which is attenuated, the other of which displays EIT. This generic result is valid provided the atomic medium is prepared to be in a pure quantum state over the ground-state sublevels initially. We also investigate the case when the initial state of the medium is described by an incoherent mixture of ground-state sublevels and show how EIT-like pulse propagation degrades. The possibility of controlling the probe susceptibility matrix with control field polarization provides a convenient tool for probing the quantum state of the medium on the degenerate ground-state sublevels.