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arXiv:1302.0156 · Physical Review A

State reconstruction of a multimode twin beam using photodetection

Jan Peřina, Ondřej Haderka, Václav Michálek, Martin Hamar

Published Feb 13, 2013• 43 citations
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Abstract

Robust and reliable method for reconstructing quasidistributions of integrated intensities of twin beams generated in spontaneous parametric down conversion and entangled in photon numbers is suggested. It utilizes the first and second photocount moments and minimizes the declination from experimental photocount histograms. Qualitatively, different forms of quasidistributions for quantum and classical states are suggested in the method. The transition from quantum to classical states caused by an increased detection noise is discussed. Momentum criterion for nonclassicality of twin beams is suggested.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.022108

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Robust and reliable method for reconstructing quasidistributions of integrated intensities of twin beams generated in spontaneous parametric down conversion and entangled in photon numbers is suggested. It utilizes the first and second photocount moments and minimizes the declination from experimental photocount histograms. Qualitatively, different forms of quasidistributions for quantum and classical states are suggested in the method. The transition from quantum to classical states caused by an increased detection noise is discussed. Momentum criterion for nonclassicality of twin beams is suggested.
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States obtained from multimode twin beams by symmetric as well as asymmetric photon subtraction are experimentally investigated. Using the joint photocount distributions measured by an intensified CCD camera, their joint photon-number distributions are reconstructed. Mean photon numbers, Fano factors, and noise-reduction parameters are determined for the group of states reached by subtracting up to four photocounts in each beam. Photon subtraction is monitored using the nonclassicality depths and joint quasidistributions of integrated intensities of the emerging states. The non-Gaussianity of the obtained states is also determined. The states reached by coherent photon subtraction are also analyzed. The investigations represent an important step towards the use of photon-subtracted twin beams in sub-shot-noise metrology and imaging. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We present a robust tool to analyze nonclassical properties of multimode twin-beam states in the mesoscopic photon-number domain. The measurements are performed by direct detection. The analysis exploits three different nonclassicality criteria for detected photons exhibiting complementary behavior in the explored intensity regime. Joint signal-idler photon-number distributions and quasidistributions of integrated intensities are determined and compared with the corresponding distributions of detected photons. Experimental conditions optimal for nonclassical properties of twin-beam states are identified.
Photons in twin beams exhibit correlations in both photon number and spatial detection position. Here spatial correlations in detection positions are exploited to develop a method for reconstructing the joint photon-number distribution of a twin beam from the experimental photocount histograms. This considerably reduces experimental noise, making it superior to the usual methods. This practical reconstruction method for spatially resolved photon counting is suitable for any application that requires joint photon-number distributions of twin beams, in e.g.e.g.e.g. metrology, or future quantum communication protocols.
Joint signal-idler photoelectron distributions of twin beams have been measured recently in two distinct regimes: either the mean number of photon pairs per one pump pulse is lower that the number of independent modes or vice versa. Exploiting a microscopic quantum theory for joint quasi-distributions in parametric down-conversion based on the model of superposition of signal and noise we characterize properties of twin beams in terms of quasidistributions using experimental data. In parallel to the microscopic model, joint signal-idler photon-number distribution is reconstructed using the method of maximum likelihood. Negative values as well as oscillating behavior in quantum region are characteristic for the joint signal-idler quasi-distributions of integrated intensities. The larger the mean number of photon pairs per mode the weaker the quantum features are. However, they survive even in the mesoscopic regime, i.e. when tens of photon pairs per mode are present on average. Also the conditional and difference photon-number distributions are shown to be sub-Poissonian and sub-shot-noise, respectively. Violation of classical inequalities for photon-number distributions is discussed.
The nonclassicality, entanglement, and dimensionality of a noisy twin beam are determined using a characteristic function of the beam written in the Fock basis. One-to-one correspondence between the negativity quantifying entanglement and the nonclassicality depth is revealed. Twin beams, which are either entangled or nonclassical (independent of their entanglement), are observed only for the limited degrees of noise, which degrades their quantumness. The dimensionality of the twin beam quantified by the participation ratio is compared with the dimensionality of entanglement determined from the negativity. Partitioning of the degrees of freedom of the twin beam into those related to entanglement and to noise is suggested. Both single-mode and multimode twin beams are analyzed. Weak nonclassicality based on integrated-intensity quasidistributions of multimode twin beams is studied. The relation of the model to the experimental twin beams is discussed.