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arXiv:1212.6315 · Physical Review A

Tunable source of correlated atom beams

Marie Bonneau, Josselin Ruaudel, Raphael Lopes, Jean-Christophe Jaskula, Alain Aspect, Denis Boiron, Christoph Ira Westbrook

Published Jun 17, 2013• 59 citations
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Abstract

We use a one-dimensional optical lattice to modify the dispersion relation of atomic matter waves. Four-wave mixing in this situation produces atom pairs in two well-defined beams. We show that these beams present a narrow momentum correlation, that their momenta are precisely tunable, and that this pair source can be operated in the regimes of low mode occupancy and of high mode occupancy.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.061603

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We use a one-dimensional optical lattice to modify the dispersion relation of atomic matter waves. Four-wave mixing in this situation produces atom pairs in two well-defined beams. We show that these beams present a narrow momentum correlation, that their momenta are precisely tunable, and that this pair source can be operated in the regimes of low mode occupancy and of high mode occupancy.
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Atom interferometers provide a powerful tool for measuring physical constants and affirming fundamental physics with unprecedented precision. The sensitivity of atom interferometers is significantly enhanced by optical lattices and coherent atomic sources. However, their interplay gives rise to additional complexities and intriguing phenomena. Here, we report on realizing a Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometer of coherent matter waves modified by a moving optical lattice in a gravitational field, and explore a resulting multipath interference with tunable coherence. We investigate spatial correlations of atoms both within the lattice and between two arms by interferometry, and observed the emerging multiple interference peaks of the Bose-Einstein condensate with sublattice site resolution. Our findings agree well with simulations, paving the way for high-precision interferometry and exploring rich interferometer phenomena using ultracold atoms.
We elaborate a comprehensive theory of the sharp variations of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) threshold happening with the tuning of the pump frequency along the dispersive tails of the nonlinear resonance in the driven Kerr microresonators with high finesses and high finesse dispersions. Our theory leads to the explicit estimates for the difference in the pump powers required for the excitation of one sideband pair with momenta $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\mu}$ and for the simultaneous excitation of the two neighboring pairs with momenta $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\mu}, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(\ensuremath{\mu}+1)$. This power difference also measures the depth of the Arnold tongues in the pump-frequency and pump-power parameter space, associated with the aforementioned power variations. A set of select pump frequencies and powers, where the instabilities of the two sideband pairs come first, forms the threshold of complexity, which is followed by a sequence of conditions specifying critical powers for the simultaneous instabilities of three, four and so on pairs. We formally link finesse dispersion and the density of states notion borrowed from the condensed matter context, and report a value of the finesse dispersion and a critical mode number signaling the transition from the low- to the high-contrast tongue structure. We also demonstrate that the large finesse dispersion makes possible a surprising for the multimode resonators regime of the bistability without FWM.