Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1212.5530 · Physical Review X

Efficient High-Dimensional Entanglement Imaging with a Compressive-Sensing Double-Pixel Camera

Gregory A. Howland, John C. Howell

Published Feb 20, 2013• 66 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We implement a double-pixel compressive-sensing camera to efficiently characterize, at high resolution, the spatially entangled fields that are produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.This technique leverages sparsity in spatial correlations between entangled photons to improve acquisition times over raster scanning by a scaling factor up to n 2 = logðnÞ for n-dimensional images.We image at resolutions up to 1024 dimensions per detector and demonstrate a channel capacity of 8.4 bits per photon.By comparing the entangled photons' classical mutual information in conjugate bases, we violate an entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen separability criterion for all measured resolutions.More broadly, our result indicates that compressive sensing can be especially effective for higher-order measurements on correlated systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.3.011013

Related papers

Entangled-photons compressive ghost imaging based on spatial correlation of sensing matrix

Dawei Liu, Lifei Li, Yixing Geng +5 more

Using the entangled photons generated by the spontaneous parametric down conversion as a light source, we demonstrate the first quantum ghost imaging system with a modified compressive sensing technique based on the spatial correlation of sensing matrix (SCCS). The ghost image is achieved at 16.27% sampling ratio of raster scanning and 0.65 photons/pixel at each measurement on average. Our results show that image quality and photon-utilization efficiency are remarkably enhanced in comparison with the traditional compressive imaging technique, due to the sensing matrix and noise-free measurement vector rebuilt by SCCS technique. It suggests the great potential of SCCS technique applied in quantum imaging and other quantum optics fields, such as quantum charactering and quantum state tomography to use the information loaded in each photon with high efficiency.

Optical Engineering•Dec 23, 2017•5 citations

Entangled-photon compressive ghost imaging

Petros Zerom, Kam Wai Clifford Chan, John C. Howell +1 more

We have experimentally demonstrated high-resolution compressive ghost imaging at the single-photon level using entangled photons produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and using single-pixel detectors. For a given mean-squared error, the number of photons needed to reconstruct a two-dimensional image is found to be much smaller than that in quantum ghost imaging experiments employing a raster scan. This procedure not only shortens the data acquisition time, but also suggests a more economical use of photons for low-light-level and quantum image formation.

Physical Review A•Dec 27, 2011•102 citations

Imaging High-Dimensional Spatial Entanglement with Compressive Sensing

Gregory A. Howland, John C. Howell

We use compressive sensing to efficiently image spatial correlations from spontaneous parametric downconversion at high resolution and witness entanglement. This technique efficiently scales to large dimensions and efficiently handles very low flux signals.

•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Imaging high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a camera

M. Edgar, D. S. Tasca, Frauke Izdebski +6 more

The light produced by parametric down-conversion shows strong spatial entanglement that leads to violations of EPR criteria for separability. Historically, such studies have been performed by scanning a single-element, single-photon detector across a detection plane. Here we show that modern electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras can measure correlations in both position and momentum across a multi-pixel field of view. This capability allows us to observe entanglement of around 2,500 spatial states and demonstrate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen type correlations by more than two orders of magnitude. More generally, our work shows that cameras can lead to important new capabilities in quantum optics and quantum information science. Measuring the entanglement between down-converted photons is central to many quantum optical experiments, and is normally performed by scanning detectors stepwise across a plane. Edgaret al. use a CCD camera to measure the entire entangled light field, finding strong correlations in position and momentum.

arXiv:1204.1293•Nature Communications•Aug 7, 2012•279 citations

Sparsity-Driven Entanglement Detection in High-Dimensional Quantum States

Stav Lotan, Hugo Defienne, Ronen Talmon +1 more

The characterization of high-dimensional quantum entanglement is crucial for advanced quantum computing and quantum information algorithms. Traditional methods require extensive data acquisition and suffer from limited visibility due to experimental noise. Here, we introduce a sparsity-driven framework to enhance the detection and certification of high-dimensional entanglement in spatially entangled photon pairs. By applying $\ell_1$-regularized reconstruction to sample covariance matrices obtained from measurements on photons produced via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) measurements, we enhance the visibility of the correlation signal while suppressing noise. We demonstrate, using a position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement criterion, that this approach enables certification of an entanglement dimensionality that cannot be achieved without regularization. Our method is scalable, simple to use and compatible with existing quantum-optics platforms, thus paves the way for efficient, real-time analysis of high-dimensional quantum states.

quant-pharXiv:2511.12546•Newton•Nov 18, 2025•0 citations

Imaging entanglement correlations with a single-photon avalanche diode camera

Bienvenu I. Ndagano, Hugo Defienne, Ashley Lyons +4 more

Spatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras based on CCD technology. However, both approaches are limited in speed due to the slow scanning and the low frame-rate of CCD-based cameras, resulting in data acquisition times on the order of many hours. Here we employ a high frame rate, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera, to measure the spatial joint probability distribution of a bi-photon state produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with statistics taken over $10^7$ frames acquired in just 140 seconds. We verified the presence of spatial entanglement between our photon pairs through the violation of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen criterion, with a confidence level of 227 sigmas. Our work demonstrates the potential of SPAD cameras in the rapid characterisation of photon correlations, leading the way towards quantum imaging in real-time.

arXiv:2001.03997•Jan 12, 2020•3 citations
We implement a double-pixel compressive-sensing camera to efficiently characterize, at high resolution, the spatially entangled fields that are produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.This technique leverages sparsity in spatial correlations between entangled photons to improve acquisition times over raster scanning by a scaling factor up to n 2 = logðnÞ for n-dimensional images.We image at resolutions up to 1024 dimensions per detector and demonstrate a channel capacity of 8.4 bits per photon.By comparing the entangled photons' classical mutual information in conjugate bases, we violate an entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen separability criterion for all measured resolutions.More broadly, our result indicates that compressive sensing can be especially effective for higher-order measurements on correlated systems.
Using the entangled photons generated by the spontaneous parametric down conversion as a light source, we demonstrate the first quantum ghost imaging system with a modified compressive sensing technique based on the spatial correlation of sensing matrix (SCCS). The ghost image is achieved at 16.27% sampling ratio of raster scanning and 0.65 photons/pixel at each measurement on average. Our results show that image quality and photon-utilization efficiency are remarkably enhanced in comparison with the traditional compressive imaging technique, due to the sensing matrix and noise-free measurement vector rebuilt by SCCS technique. It suggests the great potential of SCCS technique applied in quantum imaging and other quantum optics fields, such as quantum charactering and quantum state tomography to use the information loaded in each photon with high efficiency.
We have experimentally demonstrated high-resolution compressive ghost imaging at the single-photon level using entangled photons produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and using single-pixel detectors. For a given mean-squared error, the number of photons needed to reconstruct a two-dimensional image is found to be much smaller than that in quantum ghost imaging experiments employing a raster scan. This procedure not only shortens the data acquisition time, but also suggests a more economical use of photons for low-light-level and quantum image formation.
The light produced by parametric down-conversion shows strong spatial entanglement that leads to violations of EPR criteria for separability. Historically, such studies have been performed by scanning a single-element, single-photon detector across a detection plane. Here we show that modern electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras can measure correlations in both position and momentum across a multi-pixel field of view. This capability allows us to observe entanglement of around 2,500 spatial states and demonstrate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen type correlations by more than two orders of magnitude. More generally, our work shows that cameras can lead to important new capabilities in quantum optics and quantum information science. Measuring the entanglement between down-converted photons is central to many quantum optical experiments, and is normally performed by scanning detectors stepwise across a plane. Edgaret al. use a CCD camera to measure the entire entangled light field, finding strong correlations in position and momentum.
The characterization of high-dimensional quantum entanglement is crucial for advanced quantum computing and quantum information algorithms. Traditional methods require extensive data acquisition and suffer from limited visibility due to experimental noise. Here, we introduce a sparsity-driven framework to enhance the detection and certification of high-dimensional entanglement in spatially entangled photon pairs. By applying ℓ1\ell_1ℓ1​-regularized reconstruction to sample covariance matrices obtained from measurements on photons produced via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) measurements, we enhance the visibility of the correlation signal while suppressing noise. We demonstrate, using a position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement criterion, that this approach enables certification of an entanglement dimensionality that cannot be achieved without regularization. Our method is scalable, simple to use and compatible with existing quantum-optics platforms, thus paves the way for efficient, real-time analysis of high-dimensional quantum states.
Spatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras based on CCD technology. However, both approaches are limited in speed due to the slow scanning and the low frame-rate of CCD-based cameras, resulting in data acquisition times on the order of many hours. Here we employ a high frame rate, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera, to measure the spatial joint probability distribution of a bi-photon state produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with statistics taken over 10710^7107 frames acquired in just 140 seconds. We verified the presence of spatial entanglement between our photon pairs through the violation of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen criterion, with a confidence level of 227 sigmas. Our work demonstrates the potential of SPAD cameras in the rapid characterisation of photon correlations, leading the way towards quantum imaging in real-time.