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Physical Review A

Entangled-photon compressive ghost imaging

Petros Zerom, Kam Wai Clifford Chan, John C. Howell, Robert W. Boyd

Published Dec 27, 2011• 102 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally demonstrated high-resolution compressive ghost imaging at the single-photon level using entangled photons produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and using single-pixel detectors. For a given mean-squared error, the number of photons needed to reconstruct a two-dimensional image is found to be much smaller than that in quantum ghost imaging experiments employing a raster scan. This procedure not only shortens the data acquisition time, but also suggests a more economical use of photons for low-light-level and quantum image formation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.061804

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We have experimentally demonstrated high-resolution compressive ghost imaging at the single-photon level using entangled photons produced by a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and using single-pixel detectors. For a given mean-squared error, the number of photons needed to reconstruct a two-dimensional image is found to be much smaller than that in quantum ghost imaging experiments employing a raster scan. This procedure not only shortens the data acquisition time, but also suggests a more economical use of photons for low-light-level and quantum image formation.
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Using the entangled photons generated by the spontaneous parametric down conversion as a light source, we demonstrate the first quantum ghost imaging system with a modified compressive sensing technique based on the spatial correlation of sensing matrix (SCCS). The ghost image is achieved at 16.27% sampling ratio of raster scanning and 0.65 photons/pixel at each measurement on average. Our results show that image quality and photon-utilization efficiency are remarkably enhanced in comparison with the traditional compressive imaging technique, due to the sensing matrix and noise-free measurement vector rebuilt by SCCS technique. It suggests the great potential of SCCS technique applied in quantum imaging and other quantum optics fields, such as quantum charactering and quantum state tomography to use the information loaded in each photon with high efficiency.
This work experimentally demonstrates that the imaging quality of quantum ghost imaging (GI) with entangled photons can be significantly improved by properly handling the errors caused by the imperfection of optical devices. We also consider compressive GI to reduce the number of measurements and thereby the data acquisition time. The image reconstruction is formulated as a sparse total least square problem which is solved with an iterative algorithm. Our experiments show that, compared with existing methods, the new method can achieve a significant performance gain in terms of mean square error and peak signal⁻noise ratio.
Correlated photon imaging, popularly known as ghost imaging, is a technique whereby an image is formed from light that has never interacted with the object. In ghost imaging experiments, two correlated light fields are produced. One of these fields illuminates the object, and the other field is measured by a spatially resolving detector. In the quantum regime, these correlated light fields are produced by entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. To date, all correlated photon ghost imaging experiments have scanned a single-pixel detector through the field of view to obtain spatial information. However, scanning leads to poor sampling efficiency, which scales inversely with the number of pixels, N , in the image. In this work, we overcome this limitation by using a time-gated camera to record the single-photon events across the full scene. We obtain high-contrast images, 90%, in either the image plane or the far field of the photon pair source, taking advantage of the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen-like correlations in position and momentum of the photon pairs. Our images contain a large number of modes, >500, creating opportunities in low-light-level imaging and in quantum information processing.
We implement a double-pixel compressive-sensing camera to efficiently characterize, at high resolution, the spatially entangled fields that are produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.This technique leverages sparsity in spatial correlations between entangled photons to improve acquisition times over raster scanning by a scaling factor up to n 2 = logðnÞ for n-dimensional images.We image at resolutions up to 1024 dimensions per detector and demonstrate a channel capacity of 8.4 bits per photon.By comparing the entangled photons' classical mutual information in conjugate bases, we violate an entropic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen separability criterion for all measured resolutions.More broadly, our result indicates that compressive sensing can be especially effective for higher-order measurements on correlated systems.