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arXiv:1208.5732 · New Journal of Physics

Optimal irreversible stimulated emission

D. Valente, Y Li, J P Poizat, J M Gérard, L. C. Kwek, M F Santos, Alexia Auffèves

Published Aug 24, 2012• 25 citations
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Abstract

We studied the dynamics of an initially inverted atom in a semi-infinite waveguide, in the presence of a single propagating photon. We show that atomic relaxation is enhanced by a factor of 2, leading to maximal bunching in the output field. This optimal irreversible stimulated emission is a novel phenomenon that can be observed with state-of-the-art solid-state atoms and waveguides. When the atom interacts with two one-dimensional electromagnetic environments, the preferential emission in the stimulated field can be exploited to efficiently amplify a classical or a quantum state.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/14/8/083029

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We studied the dynamics of an initially inverted atom in a semi-infinite waveguide, in the presence of a single propagating photon. We show that atomic relaxation is enhanced by a factor of 2, leading to maximal bunching in the output field. This optimal irreversible stimulated emission is a novel phenomenon that can be observed with state-of-the-art solid-state atoms and waveguides. When the atom interacts with two one-dimensional electromagnetic environments, the preferential emission in the stimulated field can be exploited to efficiently amplify a classical or a quantum state.
We theoretically investigate signatures of stimulated emission at the single-photon level for a two-level atom interacting with a one-dimensional light field. We consider the transient regime where the atom is initially excited, and the steady-state regime where the atom is continuously driven with an external pump. The influence of pure dephasing is studied, clearly showing that these effects can be evidenced with state-of-the-art solid-state devices. We finally propose a scheme to demonstrate the stimulation of one optical transition by monitoring another one, in three-level one-dimensional atoms.
Usually it is assumed that the stimulated emission appears as a consequence of the Bose—Einstein statistics of photons and that to observe this effect at least two excitations have to be initially present in the atom—field system. That is, both the atom and the electromagnetic field have to be excited. In this paper we show that stimulated emission can appear exclusively as a consequence of quantum interference in a system with just a single excitation. Specifically, we consider a single two-level atom which is initially in its lower energy state and it interacts with a single-photon multi-mode wave packet. We show that for a proper choice of the photon-wave packet the atom can exhibit stimulated emission.
We study an initially inverted three-level atom in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration embedded in a waveguide, interacting with a propagating single-photon pulse. Depending on the temporal shape of the pulse, the system behaves either as an optimal universal cloning machine or as a highly efficient deterministic source of maximally entangled photon pairs. This quantum transistor operates over a wide range of frequencies and can be implemented with today's solid-state technologies.
We investigate the spontaneous emission of a two-level system, e.g., an atom or atomlike object, coupled to a single-end, i.e., a semi-infinite, one-dimensional photonic waveguide such that one end behaves as a perfect mirror while light can pass through the opposite end with no backreflection. Through a quantum microscopic model we show that such geometry can cause nonexponential and long-lived atomic decay. Under suitable conditions, a bound atom-photon stationary state appears in the atom-mirror interspace so as to trap a considerable amount of initial atomic excitation. Yet this can be released by applying an atomic frequency shift, causing a revival of photon emission. The resilience of such effects to typical detrimental factors is analyzed.
Abstract We investigate three types of amplification processes for light fields coupling to an atom near the end of a one-dimensional (1D) semi-infinite waveguide. We consider two setups where a drive creates population inversion in the bare or dressed basis of a three-level atom and one setup where the amplification is due to higher-order processes in a driven two-level atom. In all cases, the end of the waveguide acts as a mirror for the light. We find that this enhances the amplification in two ways compared to the same setups in an open waveguide. Firstly, the mirror forces all output from the atom to travel in one direction instead of being split up into two output channels. Secondly, interference due to the mirror enables tuning of the ratio of relaxation rates for different transitions in the atom to increase population inversion. We quantify the enhancement in amplification due to these factors and show that it can be demonstrated for standard parameters in experiments with superconducting quantum circuits.
Stimulated emission can be defined as the process when an incoming photon stimulates an additional quantum of energy from an atom into the same electromagnetic mode as the impinging photon. Hence, the two outgoing photons are identical. In a waveguide or free space, this intuition is typically found through Fermi's Golden rule, however, this does not properly account for the wave-like nature of the photons. Here, I present an exact solution to stimulated emission from a quantum two-level atom that properly accounts for the incoming and outgoing electromagnetic modes. This result is valid over a huge range of incident photon numbers. For a single incident photon, it shows how the photon must properly mode match the two-level system to cause stimulated emission. For a Fock state drive with large photon number, the exact solution shows how a two-level system Rabi oscillates with the traveling Fock mode as it passes by. I additionally use the same formalism to show that stimulated emission by a coherent pulse cannot be understood as an additional photon being emitted into the incident coherent state because the two-level system's state factorizes with the electromagnetic field's coherent state. Recent advances in superconducting circuits make them an ideal platform to test these predictions.