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arXiv:1207.1302

Bohr-Sommerfeld-Heisenberg Theory in Geometric Quantization

Richard H. Cushman, Jędrzej Śniatycki

Published Jul 5, 2012• 2 citations
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Abstract

In the framework of geometric quantization we extend the Bohr-Sommerfeld rules to a full quantization theory which resembles Heisenberg's matrix theory. This extension is possible because Bohr-Sommerfeld rules not only provide an orthogonal basis in the space of quantum states, but also give a lattice structure to this basis. This permits the definition of appropriate shifting operators. As examples, we discuss the 1-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the coadjoint orbits of the rotation group.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1207.1302

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In the framework of geometric quantization we extend the Bohr-Sommerfeld rules to a full quantization theory which resembles Heisenberg's matrix theory. This extension is possible because Bohr-Sommerfeld rules not only provide an orthogonal basis in the space of quantum states, but also give a lattice structure to this basis. This permits the definition of appropriate shifting operators. As examples, we discuss the 1-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the coadjoint orbits of the rotation group.
The seminal paper by Niels Bohr followed by a paper by Arnold Sommerfeld led to a revolutionary Bohr–Sommerfeld theory of atomic spectra. We are interested in the information about the structure of quantum mechanics encoded in this theory. In particular, we want to extend Bohr–Sommerfeld theory to a full quantum theory of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems, which is compatible with geometric quantization. In the general case, we use geometric quantization to prove analogues of the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization conditions for the prequantum operators Pf. If a prequantum operator Pf satisfies the Bohr–Sommerfeld conditions and if it restricts to a directly quantized operator Qf in the representation corresponding to the polarization F, then Qf also satisfies the Bohr–Sommerfeld conditions. The proof that the quantum spherical pendulum is a quantum system of the type we are looking for requires a new treatment of the classical action functions and their properties. For the sake of completeness we have provided an extensive presentation of the classical spherical pendulum. In our approach to Bohr–Sommerfeld theory, which we call Bohr–Sommerfeld–Heisenberg quantization, we define shifting operators that provide transitions between different quantum states. Moreover, we relate these shifting operators to quantization of functions on the phase space of the theory. We use Bohr–Sommerfeld–Heisenberg theory to study the properties of the quantum spherical pendulum, in particular, the boundary conditions for the shifting operators and quantum monodromy.
With the use of the Weyl correspondence between quantum mechanical operators and classical dynamical functions, an exact quantization rule is derived for a system with one degree of freedom and arbitrary Hamiltonian. In the semiclassical limit of small Planck's constant, this reduces to the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule as derived by the WKB approximation. Higher order terms are also derived. It is further proven that for a simple harmonic oscillator the Bohr-Sommerfeld rule must give the exact energy eigenvalues for all states.
Using the quantum covariant Poisson bracket (QCPB) theory, we can accomplish much more compatible explanations of the quantum mechanics supported by the G-dynamics. We further study the generalized quantum harmonic oscillator equipped with the G-dynamics of type I, such as geometric creation and annihilation operators, and the geometric number operator as an extension of the number operator is well given for the deep discussions, the geometric Hamiltonian operator is expressed as another form. Especially, the geometric quantization rules based on the QCPB theory is then calculated.