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arXiv:1205.6135

Irreversibility, Information and Randomness in Quantum Measurements

Sergey Nikolaevich Mayburov

Published May 28, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

Irreversibility in quantum measurements is considered from the point of quantum information theory. For that purpose the information transfer between the measured object S and measuring system O is analyzed. It's found that due to the principal constraints of quantum-mechanical origin, the information about the purity of S state isn't transferred to O during the measurement of arbitraryS observable V. Consequently O can't discriminate the pure and mixed S ensembles with the same . As the result, the random outcomes should be detected by O in V measurement for S pure ensemble of V eigenstate superposition. It's shown that the outcome probabilties obey to Born rule. The influence of O decoherence by its environment is studied, however the account of its effects doesn't change these results principally.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1205.6135

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Irreversibility in quantum measurements is considered from the point of quantum information theory. For that purpose the information transfer between the measured object S and measuring system O is analyzed. It's found that due to the principal constraints of quantum-mechanical origin, the information about the purity of S state isn't transferred to O during the measurement of arbitraryS observable V. Consequently O can't discriminate the pure and mixed S ensembles with the same . As the result, the random outcomes should be detected by O in V measurement for S pure ensemble of V eigenstate superposition. It's shown that the outcome probabilties obey to Born rule. The influence of O decoherence by its environment is studied, however the account of its effects doesn't change these results principally.
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Quantum-mechanical constraints on information transfer in measuring systems and their influence on measurement results studied. As the example, measurement of binary observable SzS_zSz​ of object S\cal SS by measuring apparatus A\cal AA considered. It's shown that during the measurement these constraints obstacle the acquisition of information by A\cal AA, characterizing purity of S\cal SS ensemble. Due to it, A\cal AA can't discriminate pure and mixed S\cal SS ensembles with the same SzS_zSz​ expectation value. In algebraic measurement ansatz by Emch such information loss results in stochastic SzS_zSz​ measurement outcomes for pure S\cal SS ensemble, their probabilities obey to Born postulate, i.e. it corresponds to quantum state collapse. Account of A\cal AA state decoherence doesn't change obtained results principally.
Information-theoretical restrictions on the information transferred in quantum measurements are regarded for the measurement of object S performed via its interaction with information system O. This information restrictions, induced by Heisenberg commutation relations, are derived in the formalism of inference maps in Hilbert space. O restricted states ξ O are calculated from S,O quantum dynamics and the structure of O observables set (algebra). It’s shown that this principal constraints on the information transfer result in the appearance of stochasticity in the measurement outcomes. Consequently, ξ O describes the random ’pointer ’ outcomes qj, which correspond to the collapse of S pure state. O decoherence by its environment is studied for some S, O systems, it’s shown that it doesn’t change this results principally. 1
Information‐theoretical restrictions on the information transferred in quantum measurements, are regarded for the measurement of quantum object S performed via its interaction with information system O. This information restrictions, induced by Heisenberg commutation relations, are derived in the formalism of inference maps in Hilbert space. O restricted states ξo are calculated from Shroedinger S, O dynamics and the structure of O observables set (algebra); O decoherence by its environment is also accounted for some S, O systems. It's shown that this principal constraints on the information transfer result in the stochasticity of measurement outcomes. Consequently, ξo describes the random 'pointer' outcomes qj, which correspond to the collapse of S pure state.
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Information-theoretical restrictions on the information transfer in quantum measurements are studied for practical systems. For the measurement of quantum system S by information system O such restrictions are described by a formalism of inference maps in Hilbert space, the resulting O restricted states ξO calculated from the agreement with Schrödinger S, O dynamics. It is shown that the principal S information losses stipulate the stochasticity of measurement outcomes; consequently ξO describes the random "pointer" outcomes qj observed by O in the individual events.