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arXiv:1005.3691

Information Constraints in Quantum Measurements and State Collapse

Sergey Nikolaevich Mayburov

Published May 20, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum-mechanical constraints on information transfer in measuring systems and their influence on measurement results studied. As the example, measurement of binary observable $S_z$ of object $\cal S$ by measuring apparatus $\cal A$ considered. It's shown that during the measurement these constraints obstacle the acquisition of information by $\cal A$, characterizing purity of $\cal S$ ensemble. Due to it, $\cal A$ can't discriminate pure and mixed $\cal S$ ensembles with the same $S_z$ expectation value. In algebraic measurement ansatz by Emch such information loss results in stochastic $S_z$ measurement outcomes for pure $\cal S$ ensemble, their probabilities obey to Born postulate, i.e. it corresponds to quantum state collapse. Account of $\cal A$ state decoherence doesn't change obtained results principally.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1005.3691

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The information transfer in quantum measurements between the measured object Ω and measuring system [Formula: see text] is studied. It was found that due to the quantum-mechanical (QM) constraints, the information about the purity of Ω state is not transferred to [Formula: see text] during the measurement of arbitrary Ω observable V. As a result, [Formula: see text] can not discriminate the pure and mixed Ω ensembles with the same [Formula: see text]. It is shown that such information constraints induce the appearance of stochasticity in the measurement of Ω pure ensemble, so that [Formula: see text] would detect the random a "pointer" coordinates qi; their distribution obeys Born rule. The influence of [Formula: see text] decoherence by its environment is studied, it is shown that the account of its effects does not change this result principally.
Irreversibility in quantum measurements is considered from the point of quantum information theory. For that purpose the information transfer between the measured object S and measuring system O is analyzed. It's found that due to the principal constraints of quantum-mechanical origin, the information about the purity of S state isn't transferred to O during the measurement of arbitraryS observable V. Consequently O can't discriminate the pure and mixed S ensembles with the same . As the result, the random outcomes should be detected by O in V measurement for S pure ensemble of V eigenstate superposition. It's shown that the outcome probabilties obey to Born rule. The influence of O decoherence by its environment is studied, however the account of its effects doesn't change these results principally.
Information-theoretical restrictions on the information transferred in quantum measurements are regarded for the measurement of object S performed via its interaction with information system O. This information restrictions, induced by Heisenberg commutation relations, are derived in the formalism of inference maps in Hilbert space. O restricted states ξ O are calculated from S,O quantum dynamics and the structure of O observables set (algebra). It’s shown that this principal constraints on the information transfer result in the appearance of stochasticity in the measurement outcomes. Consequently, ξ O describes the random ’pointer ’ outcomes qj, which correspond to the collapse of S pure state. O decoherence by its environment is studied for some S, O systems, it’s shown that it doesn’t change this results principally. 1
The quantum measurement problem considered for measuring system (MS) consist of measured state S (particle), detector D and information processing device (observer) O. It's shown that O states selfreference structure results in principal nonobservability of MS interference terms which discriminate pure and mixed S states. Such observables restriction permit to construct for MS states subjective representation (SR) which describes probabilistic evolution for measurement events observed by OOO and his subjective information about S values. SR is dual and nonequivalent to MS Hilbert space HHH for external observer O′O'O′. Due to it SR evolution is compatible with Schrodinger linear MS evolution observed by O′O'O′. It's argued that SR evolution corresponds to S state collapse for individual events observed by OOO.
Information‐theoretical restrictions on the information transferred in quantum measurements, are regarded for the measurement of quantum object S performed via its interaction with information system O. This information restrictions, induced by Heisenberg commutation relations, are derived in the formalism of inference maps in Hilbert space. O restricted states ξo are calculated from Shroedinger S, O dynamics and the structure of O observables set (algebra); O decoherence by its environment is also accounted for some S, O systems. It's shown that this principal constraints on the information transfer result in the stochasticity of measurement outcomes. Consequently, ξo describes the random 'pointer' outcomes qj, which correspond to the collapse of S pure state.
Although the solution, within standard quantum physics, of the problem of outcomes has been published several times, many authors continue to treat measurement as an unsolved fundamental dilemma. The solution lies in the formation of entangled subsystems, the non-local nature of the measurement state, and the resulting distinction between mixed-state local outcomes and the pure-state global outcome. Upon "measurement" (i.e. entanglement), the quantum system and its measurement apparatus both decohere and collapse into local mixed states while the unitarily-evolving global state remains coherent and un-collapsed. The states we observe are the local, collapsed states. Considerable experimental evidence supports this conclusion. Theoretical objections to this conclusion are rebutted, and a new perspective on measurement and entanglement is noted.