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arXiv:1204.2063 · Physical Review A

Controlled absorption and all-optical diode action due to collisions of self-induced-transparency solitons

Denis V. Novitsky

Published Apr 9, 2012• 21 citations
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Abstract

We study inelastic collisions of counterpropagating self-induced transparency solitons in a homogeneously broadened two-level medium. The energy of the pulse can be almost totally absorbed in the medium due to asymmetric collision with a properly chosen control pulse. The medium state thus prepared demonstrates the property of an all-optical diode which transmits pulses from one direction and blocks from another. The saturation process of a controlled absorption effect, local-field correction influence, and the parameter ranges for the diode action are studied as well.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.043813

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We study inelastic collisions of counterpropagating self-induced transparency solitons in a homogeneously broadened two-level medium. The energy of the pulse can be almost totally absorbed in the medium due to asymmetric collision with a properly chosen control pulse. The medium state thus prepared demonstrates the property of an all-optical diode which transmits pulses from one direction and blocks from another. The saturation process of a controlled absorption effect, local-field correction influence, and the parameter ranges for the diode action are studied as well.
Using numerical simulations, we study propagation of ultrashort light pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened two-level medium. There are two main issues in our study. The first one concerns the transient process of self-induced transparency soliton formation, in particular, the compression of the pulse which seems to be more effective in the case of homogeneous broadening. The second question deals with the collisions of counter-propagating solitons. It is shown that the level of inhomogeneous broadening has a substantial effect on the elasticity of such collisions.
We examine the dynamics of counterpropagating self-induced transparency solitons in three-level media. In a multilevel system, self-induced transparency gives rise to soliton solutions if the propagation is unidirectional, but the collision of counterpropagating pulses destroys the integrability of the underlying equations. We consider the collision of a rightward and a leftward moving self-induced transparency solitary wave by solving the full Maxwell-Bloch equations numerically using a finite-difference time-domain approach. Depending on pulse duration, amplitude and relative polarizations of the initial solitary waves we observe different regimes of interaction. For high group velocities and orthogonal polarizations, secondary solitary waves are born during the interaction, whereas the collision of solitary waves with the same polarization never produces secondary solitary waves but leaves behind a population grating in the interaction region. Because the crucial parameters can be controlled, an experimental confirmation of the predicted interaction regimes should be feasible.
The effect of soliton-induced transparency (SOIT) that arises for a weak pulse that interacts with one of allowed transitions of inhomogeneously broadened three-level atoms with the V configuration of the levels under the action of a self-induced transparency soliton that simultaneously interacts with the adjacent transition is studied theoretically. The effect is explained by phasing of the ensemble of dipoles oscillating with different frequencies in the soliton field. The weak pulse is locked by the soliton, so that both pulses propagate with the same velocity independently of the ratio of the propagation constants. If the latter are equal, the weak pulse loses no energy; when they are different, the rate of energy loss is considerably slower than it follows from Beer’s law.
Propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in a dense resonant medium is considered in the semiclassical limit. In our analysis, we place emphasis on several main points. First, we study transformations of spectra in the process of pulse propagation and interactions with another pulse. The second point involves the transient processes (including pulse compression) connected with self-induced transparency soliton formation inside the medium. Finally, the third aspect is the study of collisions of co- and counterpropagating pulses in the medium. In the last case, the investigation of symmetric and asymmetric collisions shows the possibility of effectively controlling the parameters of transmitted radiation.
We study the effects of dispersion in carrier waves on the properties of soliton self--induced transparency (SIT) in two level media. We found substantial impact of dispersion effects on typical SIT soliton features. For example, the degree of SIT pulse velocity slowing down (acceleration) is determined by the ratio of the incoming pulse frequency over atomic transition frequency - x=ω/ω0x=ω/ω_0x=ω/ω0​. Specifically, an immediate pulse stopping is predicted for absorbing media when pulse duration time exceeds some critical value. In the sharp line limit stopping may emerge only for frequency ratio above unity, while for the inhomogeneously broadened systems it appears irrespective of the value of xxx. Analysis performed on the basis of Mcall\& Hahn \textit{Area theorem} implies that pulse stopping is achieved when Ber's absorption coefficient approaches infinity, that is, pulse energy is fully absorbed in the medium. In the case of amplifying media super-luminal motion is predicted as in the case of resonance. However, there is a lowest value in the frequency ratio below which the pulse velocity tends to the sub-luminal region. These new features of the SIT phenomenon open novel ways on how it may be exploited for the control of electromagnetic wave radiation in two-level media. This may be achieved by varying frequency ratio.