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arXiv:1202.6596 · IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)

Physical layer security with uncoordinated helpers implementing cooperative jamming

Shuangyu Luo, Jiangyuan Li, Athina P. Petropulu

Published Jun 1, 2012• 12 citations
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Abstract

1A wireless communication network is considered, consisting of a source, a destination and an eavesdropper, each equipped with a single antenna. The communication is assisted by multiple multi-antenna helpers, which independently transmit jamming noise to confound the eavesdropper. The optimal structure of the jamming noise that maximizes the secrecy rate is derived. A suboptimal solution that results in nulling at the legitimate receiver is also considered. Unlike the optimal solution, which requires global channel information, the suboptimal solution requires local channel information only, i.e., each helper needs to know only its own channel to the destination. Although the nulling solution results in lower secrecy rate as compared to the optimal solution, simulations show that the difference is rather small, with the inexpensive and easy to implement nulling scheme performing near optimal.

DOI
10.1109/sam.2012.6250571

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1A wireless communication network is considered, consisting of a source, a destination and an eavesdropper, each equipped with a single antenna. The communication is assisted by multiple multi-antenna helpers, which independently transmit jamming noise to confound the eavesdropper. The optimal structure of the jamming noise that maximizes the secrecy rate is derived. A suboptimal solution that results in nulling at the legitimate receiver is also considered. Unlike the optimal solution, which requires global channel information, the suboptimal solution requires local channel information only, i.e., each helper needs to know only its own channel to the destination. Although the nulling solution results in lower secrecy rate as compared to the optimal solution, simulations show that the difference is rather small, with the inexpensive and easy to implement nulling scheme performing near optimal.
We consider a Gaussian wiretap channel model with a single-antenna source, destination and eavesdropper. The communication is assisted by multiple multiantenna helpers that transmit noise to confound the eavesdropper. First, we consider a nulling scheme, in which each helper independently transmits noise, designed to maximize the system secrecy rate while creating no interference to the destination. In this scheme, each helper requires only local relay-destination channel state information (CSI). When global CSI is available at the relays, the nulling scheme is not optimal. The optimal jamming noise structure is also provided under global CSI. Interestingly, it is shown both analytically and via simulations that, despite its reduced CSI requirements, the nulling scheme may have secrecy rate performance that is very close to the optimal one. The probability of outage of the nulling scheme is provided in closed form based on the statistics of the eavesdropper CSI.
The issue of physical layer security for wireless communication with uncoordinated cooperative jamming (UCJ) is addressed in this paper, and we focus on the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) wiretap channel with a multi-antenna intended receiver and a single-antenna eavesdropper. Differing from the existing schemes, we propose a new scheme for SRM by using multiple single-antenna helpers, where each helper transmits artificial noise independently to confound the eavesdropper. Our purpose is to design the jamming power of the helpers under individual or sum power constraints to maximize the secrecy rate with the assumption that global channel state information (CSI) is available. A robust iterative optimization method for power allocation is given to solve the SRM problem, and numerical results are finally provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method in comparison with the existing works.
Cooperative jamming is an approach that has been recently proposed for improving physical layer based security for wireless networks in the presence of an eavesdropper. While the source transmits its message to its destination, a relay node transmits a jamming signal to create interference at the eavesdropper. In this paper, a scenario in which the relay is equipped with multiple antennas is considered. A novel system design is proposed for determining the antenna weights and transmit power of source and relay, so that the system secrecy rate is maximized subject to a total transmit power constraint, or, the transmit power is minimized subject to a secrecy rate constraint. Since the optimal solutions to these problems are difficult to obtain, suboptimal closed-form solutions are proposed that introduce an additional constraint, i.e., the complete nulling of jamming signal at the destination.
A practical uncoordinated cooperative jamming (UCJ) scheme is proposed in this paper to enhance the physical layer security of the single-input-single-output (SISO) wiretap channel. Differing from the existing works, all the helpers in this UCJ scheme are uncoordinated single-antenna uplink users, and each helper transmits a jamming signal independently to confound the eavesdropper. The intended receiver plays the role of base station in the cellular systems as well as a control center to properly allocate the jamming power of each helper to maximize the secrecy rate. Two cases are addressed in solving the secrecy rate maximization problem, namely, the global channel state information (CSI) case and the partial CSI case. The optimal solution is obtained in the global CSI case, and a near-optimal solution is obtained under the secrecy outage probability constraint in the partial CSI case. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is comparable with the existing works.
A wireless relay channel is considered, consisting of a multi-antenna source, a single-antenna destination, a single-antenna eavesdropper and a set of multi-antenna relays (helpers) that act as jammers to the eavesdropper. Each helper knows only its own link to the receiver and independently transmits jamming noise, lying in the null space of its own link to the destination, thus causes no interference to the destination. The source, knowing the main channel explicitly and having statistical information on the eavesdropper channel, designs the input covariance matrix so that the secrecy rate is maximized subject to an outage probability constraint and a sum power constraint. We show that the optimal input covariance matrix has rank one. Assuming that the eavesdropper channels follow a zero-mean Gaussian distribution with known covariance, the outage probability and outage secrecy rate are derived in closed form. Simulation results in support of the analysis are provided.
This paper studies secrecy rate optimization in a wireless network with a single-antenna source, a multi-antenna destination and a multi-antenna eavesdropper. This is an unfavorable scenario for secrecy performance as the system is interference-limited. In the literature, assuming that the receiver operates in half duplex (HD) mode, the aforementioned problem has been addressed via use of cooperating nodes who act as jammers to confound the eavesdropper. This paper investigates an alternative solution, which assumes the availability of a full duplex (FD) receiver. In particular, while receiving data, the receiver transmits jamming noise to degrade the eavesdropper channel. The proposed self-protection scheme eliminates the need for external helpers and provides system robustness. For the case in which global channel state information is available, we aim to design the optimal jamming covariance matrix that maximizes the secrecy rate and mitigates loop interference associated with the FD operation. We consider both fixed and optimal linear receiver design at the destination, and show that the optimal jamming covariance matrix is rank-1, and can be found via an efficient 1-D search. For the case in which only statistical information on the eavesdropper channel is available, the optimal power allocation is studied in terms of ergodic and outage secrecy rates. Simulation results verify the analysis and demonstrate substantial performance gain over conventional HD operation at the destination.