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arXiv:1202.5580

Efficient broadband sum and difference frequency generation with a single chirped quasi-phase-matching crystal

Andon A. Rangelov

Published Feb 24, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose an efficient broadband frequency generation technique for two collinear optical parametric processes $ω_3=ω_1+ω_2$ and $ω_4=ω_1-ω_2$. It exploits chirped quasi-phase-matched gratings, which in the undepleted pump approximation regime perform population transfer that is analogous to adiabatic population transfer in a three-state ``vee'' quantum system. The energy of the input fields is transferred adiabatically either into $ω_3$ or $ω_4$ field, depending on which of the two phase matchings occurs first by the local modulation period in the crystal. One can switch the output between $ω_3$ and $ω_4$ by inverting the direction of the local modulation sweep, which corresponds to a rotation of the crystal by angle $π$

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1202.5580

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We propose an efficient broadband frequency generation technique for two collinear optical parametric processes ω3=ω1+ω2ω_3=ω_1+ω_2ω3​=ω1​+ω2​ and ω4=ω1−ω2ω_4=ω_1-ω_2ω4​=ω1​−ω2​. It exploits chirped quasi-phase-matched gratings, which in the undepleted pump approximation regime perform population transfer that is analogous to adiabatic population transfer in a three-state ``vee'' quantum system. The energy of the input fields is transferred adiabatically either into ω3ω_3ω3​ or ω4ω_4ω4​ field, depending on which of the two phase matchings occurs first by the local modulation period in the crystal. One can switch the output between ω3ω_3ω3​ and ω4ω_4ω4​ by inverting the direction of the local modulation sweep, which corresponds to a rotation of the crystal by angle πππ
An efficient broadband sum-frequency generation (SFG) technique using the two cascaded optical parametric processes ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{4}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ is proposed. The technique uses chirped quasi-phase-matched gratings, which, in the undepleted pump approximation, make SFG analogous to adiabatic population transfer in three-state systems with crossing energies in quantum physics. If the local modulation period first makes the phase match occur for ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ and then for ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{4}$ SFG processes then the energy is converted adiabatically to the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{4}$ field. Efficient SFG of the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{4}$ field is also possible by the opposite direction of the local modulation sweep; then transient SFG of the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ field is strongly reduced. Most of these features remain valid in the nonlinear regime of depleted pump.
Two frequency-cascaded and spatially simultaneous three-wave-mixing processes, each pumped by a different frequency, are studied in a quasi-phase-matching crystal with chirped poling. Theory, numerical simulation, and experiment all show that efficient two-process adiabatic frequency conversion takes place over a broad range of input wavelengths. Experimentally, up to five process cascades are obtained. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that reversing the chirp sign results in a different conversion for the same input wavelength. This method can be applied to generation of an all-optically tunable frequency comb.
We propose an adiabatic scheme for cascaded fourth-harmonic generation (FHG) in chirped dual-period quasi-phase-matched (QPM) crystals, where adiabatic evolution is introduced into the multi-step frequency conversion process. By engineering two chirped QPM gratings for the fundamental-to-second-harmonic ( FF → SH ) and second-to-fourth-harmonic ( SH → FH ) interactions, efficient harmonic generation is achieved through a continuous adiabatic passage in phase-mismatch space, rather than discrete phase-matching conditions in conventional QPM schemes. This approach enables robust and tunable energy transfer among harmonics, allowing controllable generation of second- and fourth-harmonic signals. Numerical results show a maximum FHG efficiency of 94% and a tunable bandwidth of ∼13 nm under realistic conditions. The tunability originates from the controlled shift of QPM resonances along the propagation direction.
The state-of-art technology of a quasi-phase matched (QPM) device has enabled the efficient generation of frequency-entangled photon pairs through parametric fluorescence [1, 2]. Harris [3] has proposed the generation of photon pairs which are correlated on a mono-cycle time scale of optical period. In that paper, the poling period of QPM device is linearly chirped (increased) from the entrance to the exit. Thus, each poling period is phase matched at different wavelengths of photon pairs, spanning ultra-broad spectrum. Recent experiment by Mohan et al as its application to quantum optical coherence tomography [4], has realized the parametric fluorescence from chirped-QPM device which is phase matched from 820nm to 1500nm using stoichiometric lithium tantalate (SLT) crystal as a nonlinear medium with 13% chirping (poling period: from 7.500µm to 8.500µm).
Three-wave nonlinear interactions in chirped quasi-phase-matched (QPM) gratings are shown to exhibit conversion efficiency approaching 100% with increasing input pump and signal intensities, evading backconversion, as long as the idler vanishes at the input and the QPM grating is sufficiently chirped. The signal phase is described in terms of Kerr-like self- and cross-phase modulations, in the cascade χ((3)) approximation. Achieving high gain and efficiency simultaneously can lead to a large nonlinear phase, and the resulting trade-off is discussed.