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arXiv:1112.5845 · Physical Review B

Influence of phonons on exciton-photon interaction and photon statistics of a quantum dot

M. Bagheri Harouni, R. Roknizadeh, M. H. Naderi

Published Apr 7, 2009• 14 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate phonon effects on the optical properties of a spherical quantum dot. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of a spherical quantum dot with classical and quantum fields while the exciton of quantum dot interacts with a solid-state reservoir. We show that phonons strongly affect the Rabi oscillations and optical coherence on first picoseconds of dynamics. We consider the quantum statistics of emitted photons by quantum dot and we show that these photons are antibunched and obey the sub-Poissonian statistics. In addition, we examine the effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with the cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels. The effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels are compared to the effects of its interaction with classical pulse.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.79.165304

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In this paper, we investigate phonon effects on the optical properties of a spherical quantum dot. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of a spherical quantum dot with classical and quantum fields while the exciton of quantum dot interacts with a solid-state reservoir. We show that phonons strongly affect the Rabi oscillations and optical coherence on first picoseconds of dynamics. We consider the quantum statistics of emitted photons by quantum dot and we show that these photons are antibunched and obey the sub-Poissonian statistics. In addition, we examine the effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with the cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels. The effects of detuning and interaction of quantum dot with cavity mode on optical coherence of energy levels are compared to the effects of its interaction with classical pulse.
A microscopic theory to study the combined dynamics of a quantum dot exciton coupled to a single cavity mode as well as acoustic phonons is presented. By considering the phonon subsystem in the coherent state representation, the phonon’s impact on the emitted photons is investigated. The single photon emission probability and phonon effects on this quantity are studied. On the other hand, we illustrate that while a quantum dot interacts with a single cavity mode, the collapse and revival phenomenon will occur. It is demonstrated that acoustic phonons have a pronounced impact on the collapse and revival of the quantum dot exciton. Our finding reveals that at elevated temperatures the phonon interaction decreases the Rabi frequency. Moreover, the cavity mode possesses non-classical features such as sub-Poissonian statistics.
We investigate a quantum-dot-based cavity system via the master-equation approach. The dynamics of the system is greatly affected by dissipation and dephasing processes. We include these phenomena to the theory through the master equation. The dissipation effects such as cavity loss, spontaneous recombination of excitons, and incoherent pumping are considered. The dephasing process is included as an electron--acoustic-phonon interaction. An intrinsic feature of solid-state cavity systems is the presence of electron-phonon interaction, which distinguishes this system from atomic cavity quantum electrodynamics. Due to the temperature dependence of phonons we use the complete form of the master equation (temperature dependence of dissipation rates) in this paper. We study the emission spectrum and photon statistics of the system. We show that cavity mode emission depends on temperature, and temperature strongly affects the photon statistics.
The effect of strong exciton-phonon interaction on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in a coherently driven quantum dot in a high-Q single mode cavity is investigated theoretically. We show that the Rabi oscillation of exciton dressed by phonons can persists with the Rabi frequency ge -λ/2 at absolute zero temperature, where g is the single-photon Rabi frequency and λ is the Huang-Rhys factor. The results also present that such coherent oscillations can be modified by manipulating the Rabi frequency of the driving field.
Abstract Semiconductor quantum dots are solid state few‐level systems which can interact strongly with light. As such, they can be used as a single photon source or to perform solid‐state quantum‐optics experiments. A major difference to atoms is the interaction with the lattice vibrations, that is, the phonons, which strongly affect the optical signals from a quantum dot. In this paper, we calculate the time‐resolved pump‐probe signals from a continuously driven quantum dot accounting for detuned excitation and electron–phonon interaction. We provide analytical equations giving insight into the different phenomena observed in the spectra like an oscillation between absorptive and dispersive line shapes. For detuned excitation, the electron–phonon interaction can lead to phonon‐assisted occupation of the exciton, giving rise to a strong asymmetry in the dynamical behavior depending on the sign of the detuning. The time‐resolved spectra monitor this relaxation path, which helps understanding the effect of electron–phonon interaction in quantum dots.
Electron-phonon coupling in semiconductor quantum dots plays a significant role in determining the optical properties of excited excitons, especially the spectral nature of emitted photons. This paper presents a comprehensive theory and analysis of emission spectra from artificial atoms or quantum dots coupled to structured photon reservoirs and acoustic phonons, when excited with incoherent pump fields. As specific examples of structured reservoirs, we chose a Lorentzian cavity and a slow-light coupled-cavity waveguide, which have both been explored experimentally. For the case of optical cavities, we directly compare and contrast the spectra from three well-known and distinct theoretical approaches to treat electron-phonon coupling, including a Markovian polaron master equation, a non-Markovian phonon correlation expansion technique, and a semiclassical linear susceptibility approach, and we point out the limitations of these models. For the cavity-QED polaron master equation, which treats the cavity-mode operator at the level of a system operator, we give closed form analytical solutions to the phonon-assisted scattering rates in the weak excitation approximation, fully accounting for temperature, cavity-exciton detuning, and cavity-dot coupling. We also show explicitly why the semiclassical linear susceptibility approach fails to correctly account for phonon-mediated cavity feeding. For weakly coupled cavities, we calculate the optical spectra using a more general photon reservoir polaron master-equation approach, and explain its differences from the above approaches in the low-QQQ limit of a Lorentzian cavity. We subsequently use this general reservoir approach to calculate the emission spectra from quantum dots coupled to slow-light photonic crystal waveguides, which demonstrate a number of striking photon-phonon coupling effects.
The quantum dynamics of a double quantum dot two-level system, coupled to a leaking microwave resonator mode, is theoretically investigated. The double quantum dot is driven by applying a continuous field giving rise to time-dependent modulations of its energy separation between the ground levels of each dot, forming the qubit. Therefore, the cavity resonances occur when the difference between the resonator and the qubit frequencies equals the multiple of the modulation frequency, respectively. In the strong Coulomb interaction limit and the weak couplings of the combined system, i.e. the qubit and the single-mode cavity, to corresponding electronic, phononic or photonic reservoirs, we have demonstrated that the output cavity electromagnetic field is formed of a single-photon flux obeying the sub-Poissonian quantum photon statistics. This was proved via Fano's factor behaviour or by comparing the resonator's second- and third-order photon correlation functions, respectively. The phonon, the cavity mode dephasing or the environmental temperatures influence on the quantum properties of the photons are also discussed.