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arXiv:1112.0649 · International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI)

Analysis and improvement of a strongly secure certificateless key exchange protocol without pairing

Min Zhang, Jie Zhang, Qiaoyan Wen, Zhengping Jin, Hua Zhang

Published May 1, 2012• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recently, Yang and Tan proposed a certificateless key exchange protocol without pairing, and claimed their scheme satisfies forward secrecy, which means no adversary could derive an already-established session key unless the full user secret keys (including a private key and an ephemeral secret key) of both communication parties are compromised. However, in this paper, we point out their protocol is actually not secure as claimed by presenting an attack launched by an adversary who has learned the private key of one party and the ephemeral secret key of the other, but not the full user secret keys of both parties. Furthermore, to make up this flaw, we also provide an improved protocol in which the private key and the ephemeral secret key are closely intertwined with each other for generating the session key, thus above attack can be efficiently resisted.

DOI
10.1109/icsai.2012.6223324

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•Jan 1, 2012•4 citations
Recently, Yang and Tan proposed a certificateless key exchange protocol without pairing, and claimed their scheme satisfies forward secrecy, which means no adversary could derive an already-established session key unless the full user secret keys (including a private key and an ephemeral secret key) of both communication parties are compromised. However, in this paper, we point out their protocol is actually not secure as claimed by presenting an attack launched by an adversary who has learned the private key of one party and the ephemeral secret key of the other, but not the full user secret keys of both parties. Furthermore, to make up this flaw, we also provide an improved protocol in which the private key and the ephemeral secret key are closely intertwined with each other for generating the session key, thus above attack can be efficiently resisted.
Recently, two certificateless three-party authenticated key agreement protocols were proposed, and both protocols were claimed they can meet the desirable security properties including forward security, key compromise impersonation resistance and so on. Through cryptanalysis, we show that one neither meets forward security and key compromise impersonation resistance nor resists an attack by an adversary who knows all users' secret values, and the other cannot resist key compromise impersonation attack. Finally, we propose improved protocols to make up two original protocols' security weaknesses, respectively. Further security analysis shows that our improved protocols can remove such security weaknesses.
In certificateless cryptography, a user secret key is derived from two partial secrets: one is the identity-based secret key (corresponding to the user identity) generated by a Key Generation Center (KGC), and the other is the user self-generated secret key (corresponding to a user self-generated and uncertified public key). Two types of adversaries are considered for certificateless cryptography: a Type-I adversary who can replace the user self-generated public key (in transmission or in a public directory), and a Type-II adversary who is an honest-but-curious KGC. In this paper, we present a formal study on certificateless key exchange (CLKE). We show that the conventional definition of Type-I and Type-II security may not be suitable for certificateless key exchange when considering the notion of forward secrecy which is important for key exchange protocols. We then present a new security model in which a single adversary (instead of Type-I and Type-II adversaries) is considered. We also construct a strongly secure certificateless key exchange protocol without expensive pairing operations. As far as we know, our proposed protocol is the first proven secure CLKE protocol without pairing.
A few of certificateless key agreement schemes have been proposed in recent years,all of them need pairing operations,what's more,most of them are vulnerable to the key compromise impersonation attack and resistance to leakage of ephemeral keys.The provably secure certificateless key agreement protocol was proposed by Lippold in 2009,but their protocol suffered from computation burden.In order to solve the above-mentioned problem,this paper proposed a new pairing-free certificateless two party key agreement scheme (CL-KA) and presened its security properties.The new scheme was secure as long as each party had at least one uncompromised secret.Thus,the new scheme was secure even if the key generation centre learned the ephemeral secrets of both parties.The new scheme achieves efficiency in computational cost when compared with Lippold's protocol.
This paper studied two-party authenticated agreement protocol in the certificateless public setting.Analyzed the security of Liu-xu's certificateless authenticated two-party key agreement protocol,and it was shown that the scheme did not achieve strong security.The scheme was vulnerable to key compromise impersonation attack and leakage of ephemeral secrets attack.The reason why the attack can work was analyzed and proposed an improved scheme to remove the attack.It is not hard to devise certificateless authenticated two-party key agreement protocols that look secure,but making the proofs word is not always so simple.
Two-Party Authenticated key agreement protocol is essential for setting up the common session key for parties to establish secure channel for network communication in the open environment. Most of proposed schemes require expensive bilinear pairing operation and only provide limited security attributes. So such protocols are unsuitable for real-world applications that require stronger sense of secrecy. In this paper, we first analysis two schemes recently proposed by Cao etc., and then present a one-round ID-based authenticated key agreement protocol with more desired security attributes, which need no pairing operations while still achieve nice computational efficiency. These security attributes include known-key secrecy, perfect forward secrecy, PKG forward secrecy, key-compromise impersonation resilience, unknown key-share resilience and no key control. Moreover, it captures the enhanced security attributes known session-specific temporary key information secrecy, which means that even the ephemeral secret key were compromised, the adversary can hardly acquire the agreed session key.
Abstract. Recently, He et al. (Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2012, 64(6): 1914-1926) proposed a new efficient certificateless two-party authenticated key agreement protocol. They claimed their protocol was provably secure in the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) model. In this paper, we will show that their protocol is insecure. A type I adversary, who obtains one party’s ephemeral private key, can impersonate the party to cheat the other party and compute the shared session key successfully. For overcoming this weakness, we also propose a simple countermeasure.